Air pollution and cause-specific mortality: A comparative study of urban and rural areas in China

Zhao, Shuang; Liu, Shiliang; Hou, Xiyong; Sun, Yixuan; Beazley, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127884

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…A few previous studies also suggested stronger effects of PM 2.5 on RESP mortality in suburban or rural areas than in urban cities in China. 5,8,17 For instance, Zhao et al found that the relative risk of PM 2.5 -related RESP mortality was stronger in rural areas than in urban cities…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…across China and that PM 2.5 pollution was the dominant driving force of RESP mortality in rural areas. 8 These findings indicate that the RESP mortality burden caused by PM 2.5 might be underestimated in countries with large rural populations if we use concentration-response relationships derived from urban cities to assess the mortality burden of PM 2.5 . This finding has important implications for air pollution control in China because there are more than 500 million people living in rural China.…”

Section: Report Llmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, to date, few studies have compared the discrepancy of the mortality-PM 2.5 association between urban cities and rural areas, and the existing results are inconsistent. In addition, most previous studies assessed the urban-rural disparity of associations of long-term exposures to PM 2.5 with health, 5,[7][8][9] and no study was found to investigate the short-term effect difference of PM 2.5 between urban cities and rural areas. For example, a study conducted in China reported a higher mortality risk attributable to long-term PM 2.5 exposures in dense urban cities than in rural areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 In contrast, Zhao et al observed a stronger long-term effect of PM 2.5 on mortality in rural areas than in urban cities in China. 8 Therefore, more multilocation studies are needed to corroborate the difference in the associations of short-term exposure to PM 2.5 with mortality between urban cities and rural areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban-rural disparity of the short-term association of PM2.5 with mortality and its attributable burden

Liu

Meng

et al. 2021

The Innovation

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PM 2.5 had greater effects on CVD/CED mortality in urban cities than rural areas -PM 2.5 had stronger effects on RESP mortality in rural areas than urban cities -An annual mean of 16.5/100,000 deaths was attributable to PM 2.5 in urban cities -An annual mean of 3.4//100,000 deaths was attributable to PM 2.5 in rural areas -Spatially targeted measures are needed to reduce PM 2.5 -related mortality in China ll www.cell.com/the-innovation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Report Llmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Urban-rural disparity of the short-term association of PM2.5 with mortality and its attributable burden

Liu

Meng

et al. 2021

The Innovation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While air pollution concentrations tend to be higher in urban areas, the individual cumulative exposure of children from rural areas is sometimes even higher, depending on how much time they spend outside. Consequently, one study found that rural areas are associated with higher risks of mortality due to air pollution when compared to urban areas [15]. Health disparities as well as other underlying risk factors that stem from the lack of health-related resources and access to them may also lead to the increased negative risks of air pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental Injustice on Children’s Health—Interaction between Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Status

Mathiarasan

Hüls

2021

IJERPH

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Air pollution disproportionately affects marginalized populations of lower socioeconomic status. There is little literature on how socioeconomic status affects the risk of exposure to air pollution and associated health outcomes, particularly for children’s health. The objective of this article was to review the existing literature on air pollution and children’s health and discern how socioeconomic status affects this association. The concept of environmental injustice recognizes how underserved communities often suffer from higher air pollution concentrations in addition to other underlying risk factors for impaired health. This exposure then exerts larger effects on their health than it does in the average population, affecting the whole body, including the lungs and the brain. Children, whose organs and mind are still developing and who do not have the means of protecting themselves or creating change, are the most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of air pollution and environmental injustice. The adverse health effects of air pollution and environmental injustice can harm children well into adulthood and may even have transgenerational effects. There is an urgent need for action in order to ensure the health and safety of future generations, as social disparities are continuously increasing, due to social discrimination and climate change.

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Association between air pollution and CSF sTREM2 in cognitively normal older adults: The CABLE study

et al. 2022

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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Objectives Ambient air pollution aggravates the process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Currently, the exact inflammatory mechanisms underlying these links from clinical research remain largely unclear. Methods This study included 1,131 cognitively intact individuals from the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE database with data provided on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers (amyloid beta‐peptide 42 [Aβ42], total tau [t‐tau], and phosphorylated tau [p‐tau]), neuroinflammatory (CSF sTREM2), and systemic inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and peripheral immune cells). The 2‐year averaged levels of ambient fine particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were estimated at each participant's residence. Multiple‐adjusted models were approached to detect associations of air pollution with inflammatory markers and AD‐related proteins. Results Ambient 2‐year averaged exposure of PM2.5 was associated with changes of neuroinflammatory markers, that is, CSF sTREM2 (β = −0.116, p = 0.0002). Similar results were found for O3 exposure among the elderly (β = −0.111, p = 0.0280) or urban population (β = −0.090, p = 0.0144). No significant evidence supported NO2 related to CSF sTREM2. For potentially causal associations with accumulated AD pathologies, the total effects of PM2.5 on CSF amyloid‐related protein (CSF Aβ42 and p‐tau/Aβ42) were partly mediated by CSF sTREM2, with proportions of 14.22% and 47.15%, respectively. Additional analyses found inverse associations between peripheral inflammatory markers with PM2.5 and NO2, but a positive correlation with O3. Interpretation These findings demonstrated a strong link between PM2.5 exposure and microglial dysfunction. Furthermore, CSF sTREM2 as a key mediator modulated the influences of PM2.5 exposure on AD amyloid pathologies.

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Air pollution and cause-specific mortality: A comparative study of urban and rural areas in China

Cited by 55 publications

References 57 publications

Urban-rural disparity of the short-term association of PM2.5 with mortality and its attributable burden

Urban-rural disparity of the short-term association of PM2.5 with mortality and its attributable burden

Impact of Environmental Injustice on Children’s Health—Interaction between Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Status

Association between air pollution and CSF sTREM2 in cognitively normal older adults: The CABLE study

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