Air pollution and allergy: you are what you breathe

Saxon, Andrew; Díaz-Sánchez, David

doi:10.1038/ni0305-223

Cited by 229 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The glutathione depletion can induce a state of cellular stress, which triggers an increase in the production of antioxidant enzymes through activation of a transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 [17]. Failure to overcome oxidative stress leads to the activation of additional intracellular signalling cascades that regulate the expression of cytokine and chemokine genes [15]. These products are produced locally in target tissues as well as systemically, and lead to widespread pro-inflammatory effects remote from the site of damage.…”

Section: Biological and Epidemiological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution, oxidative stress and dietary supplementation: a review

Romieu

Castro-Giner²,

Künzli³

et al. 2008

European Respiratory Journal

220

157

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The aim of the present review was to provide an up-to-date overview of the biological and epidemiological evidence of the role of oxidative stress as a major underlying feature of the toxic effect of air pollutants, and the potential role of dietary supplementation in enhancing antioxidant defences.A bibliographic search was conducted through PubMed. The keywords used in the search were ''air pollutant'', ''oxidative stress'', ''inflammation'', ''antioxidant polyunsaturated fatty acids'' and ''genetics''. In addition, the authors also searched for biomarkers of oxidative stress and nutrients.The review presents the most recent data on: the biological and epidemiological evidence of the oxidative stress response to air pollutants; the role of dietary supplementation as a modulator of these effects; and factors of inter-individual variation in human response. The methodology for further epidemiological studies will be discussed in order to improve the current understanding on how nutritional factors may act.There is substantial evidence that air pollution exposure results in increased oxidative stress and that dietary supplementation may play a modulating role on the acute effect of air pollutants. Further epidemiological studies should address the impact of supplementation strategies in the prevention of air-pollution-related long-term effects in areas where people are destined to be exposed for the distant future.

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Section: Biological and Epidemiological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution, oxidative stress and dietary supplementation: a review

Romieu

Castro-Giner²,

Künzli³

et al. 2008

European Respiratory Journal

220

157

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“…[53][54][55] DEPs can initiate and exacerbate airway allergic responses through oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species resulting in an enhanced IgE and histamine production. 8,13,56,57 In addition to this adjuvant effect, DEPs are also known to induce or augment IgE production by acting directly on B cells. 53,56 The information gleaned from our study should be seen as a hypothesis-generating observation of a complex involvement of XME genes in molecular mechanisms of asthma, the results being obtained for the first time.…”

Section: Importance Of Gene-environment Interactions In Asthma Pathogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,13,56,57 In addition to this adjuvant effect, DEPs are also known to induce or augment IgE production by acting directly on B cells. 53,56 The information gleaned from our study should be seen as a hypothesis-generating observation of a complex involvement of XME genes in molecular mechanisms of asthma, the results being obtained for the first time. A majority of the associations of XME genes with asthma were not strong, thereby showing small-to-modest effects of these genes on the asthmatic phenotype.…”

Section: Importance Of Gene-environment Interactions In Asthma Pathogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation of genes for xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and risk of bronchial asthma: the importance of gene–gene and gene–environment interactions for disease susceptibility

2009

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The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the contribution of genes for xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) for the development of bronchial asthma. We have genotyped 25 polymorphic variants of 18 key XME genes in 429 Russians, including 215 asthmatics and 214 healthy controls by a polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. We found for the first time significant associations of CYP1B1 V432L (P¼0.045), PON1 Q192R (P¼0.039) and UGT1A6 T181A (P¼0.025) gene polymorphisms with asthma susceptibility. Significant P-values were evaluated through Monte-Carlo simulations. The multifactor-dimensionality reduction method has obtained the best three-locus model for gene-gene interactions between three loci, EPHX1 Y113H, CYP1B1 V432L and CYP2D6 G1934A, in asthma at a maximum cross-validation consistency of 100% (P¼0.05) and a minimum prediction error of 37.8%. We revealed statistically significant gene-environment interactions (XME genotypes-smoking interactions) responsible for asthma susceptibility for seven XME genes. A specific pattern of gametic correlations between alleles of XME genes was found in asthmatics in comparison with healthy individuals. The study results point to the potential relevance of toxicogenomic mechanisms of bronchial asthma in the modern world, and may thereby provide a novel direction in the genetic research of the respiratory disease in the future.

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“…This may be explained by the fact that air pollutants, especially burning of fossil fuels, can affect allergens. It was found that fossil fuel combustion products may lead to an enhancement of allergic inflammation contributing to the increased prevalence and morbidity of asthma and AR [8]. Diesel exhaust is able to enhance production of IgE playing an important role in allergy and inducing type 1 hypersensitivity [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an examination of the historical record indicates that the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma have significantly increased over the past two centuries. Although the reasons for this increase are not fully elucidated, epidemiologic data suggest that certain pollutants produced from the burning of fossil fuels may have played an important role in the prevalence changes [7,8]. This increase may be partly explained by changes in environmental factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Asthma Hospitalization among Adults and Elderly

Makra¹

2015

Arch Otolaryngol Rhinold

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Joint effect of biological (pollen) and chemical air pollutants on asthma emergency room (ER) visits was analyzed for Szeged region of Southern Hungary. Our database of a nine-year period (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) includes daily number of asthma emergency room (ER) visits, and daily mean concentrations of CO, PM 10 , NO, NO 2 , O 3 and SO 2 , furthermore two pollen variables (Ambrosia and total pollen excluding Ambrosia), as well. The analysis was performed for ER visits of asthma bronchiale using two age groups (adults and the elderly) of males and females for three seasons. Factor analysis was performed in order to clarify the relative importance of the pollutant variables affecting asthma ER visits. Asthma ER visits denote notably stronger associations with the pollutants in adult male than in adult female patients both for the pollen season of Ambrosia and the pollen-free season. Furthermore, adults are substantially more sensitive to severe asthma attack than the elderly for the season of total pollen excluding Ambrosia pollen. The joint effect of the chemical and pollen variables is the highest for the asthma ER cases in the pollen season of Ambrosia, basically due to the extra impact of the total pollen excluding Ambrosia pollen and partly due to Ambrosia pollen. A nonparametric regression technique was applied to discriminate between events of ER visit -no ER visit using pollen and chemical pollutants as explaining variables. Based on multiple correlations, the strongest relationships between ER visits and pollutants are observed during the pollen-free season. The elderly group with asthma bronchiale is characterized by weaker relationships between ER visits and pollutants compared to adults. Ratio of the number of correct decisions on the events of ER visit -no ER visit is lowest for the season of total pollen excluding Ambrosia pollen. Otherwise, similar conclusions hold as those received by multiple correlations. on aeroallergens. These include impacts on pollen amount, pollen allergen city, pollen season, plant and pollen distribution, and other plant attributes [18][19][20][21][22]. Hence, due to the continually increasing air pollution, respiratory diseases are of major concern worldwide. Air pollution of Hungary is one of the highest in Europe. Around 16,000 annual premature deaths attributable to exposure to ambient PM 10 concentrations are estimated in the country [23,24]. Furthermore, airborne pollen levels are also high. The Carpathian basin, involving Hungary (Figure 1) is considered the most polluted region with airborne ragweed (Ambrosia) pollen in Europe. Ambrosia in Hungary discharges the most pollen of all taxa; the ratio of its pollen release compared to the total pollen release in the late summer period is around 60-71% [25]. Highest counts on peak days in Szeged, Southern Hungary, are about one order of magnitude higher than those in other cities of Europe [26]. The sensitivity of patients to ragweed in Szeged is 83.7% [27]. About 30% of the Hungar...

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Air pollution and allergy: you are what you breathe

Cited by 229 publications

References 18 publications

Air pollution, oxidative stress and dietary supplementation: a review

Air pollution, oxidative stress and dietary supplementation: a review

Genetic variation of genes for xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and risk of bronchial asthma: the importance of gene–gene and gene–environment interactions for disease susceptibility

Risk Factors for Asthma Hospitalization among Adults and Elderly

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