Air Doping

Bach, John R.; Tewfik, George

doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e318038d39c

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The initial scientific report dates back to 1951 and describes the successful use of this technique in post-polio patients. 28 Even today, glossopharyngeal insufflation is still used by patients, 29 30 including those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, to extend the spontaneous breathing time from the ventilator and to increase cough strength. Only more recently, the use of glossopharyngeal insufflation has been reported in swimmers and elite freedivers.…”

Section: Breath-hold Divingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Physiology and Medicine of Diving

Tetzlaff

2023

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Pulmonary physiology is significantly altered during underwater exposure, as immersion of the body and increased ambient pressure elicit profound effects on both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Thoracic blood pooling, increased breathing gas pressures, and variations in gas volumes alongside ambient pressure changes put the heart and lungs under stress. Normal physiologic function and fitness of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are prerequisites to safely cope with the challenges of the underwater environment when freediving, or diving with underwater breathing apparatus. Few physicians are trained to understand the physiology and medicine of diving and how to recognize or manage diving injuries. This article provides an overview of the physiologic challenges to the respiratory system during diving, with or without breathing apparatus, and outlines possible health risks and hazards unique to the underwater environment. The underlying pathologic mechanisms of dive-related injuries are reviewed, with an emphasis on pulmonary physiology and pathophysiology.

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Section: Breath-hold Divingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Physiology and Medicine of Diving

Tetzlaff

2023

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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“…Flow models (Dinh et al, 2015(Dinh et al, , 2017Kingma and Dhariwal, 2018) are a class of deep generative models that model unknown yet complex distributions by transforming the observation through a series of invertible transformations to create latent representations to be used with known distributions like Gaussians. For PCFG induction with embeddings, we first consider the generative story for the observed embeddings.…”

Section: Normalizing Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsupervised Learning of PCFGs with Normalizing Flow

Jin

Doshi‐Velez

Miller

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics

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Unsupervised PCFG inducers hypothesize sets of compact context-free rules as explanations for sentences. These models not only provide tools for low-resource languages, but also play an important role in modeling language acquisition (Bannard et al., 2009; Abend et al., 2017). However, current PCFG induction models, using word tokens as input, are unable to incorporate semantics and morphology into induction, and may encounter issues of sparse vocabulary when facing morphologically rich languages. This paper describes a neural PCFG inducer which employs context embeddings (Peters et al., 2018) in a normalizing flow model (Dinh et al., 2015) to extend PCFG induction to use semantic and morphological information 1. Linguistically motivated similarity penalty and categorical distance constraints are imposed on the inducer as regularization. Experiments show that the PCFG induction model with normalizing flow produces grammars with state-of-the-art accuracy on a variety of different languages. Ablation further shows a positive effect of normalizing flow, context embeddings and proposed regularizers.

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Lung Insufflation Capacity in Neuromuscular Disease

Bach

Mahajan

Lipa

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physical Medicine &Amp; Rehabilitation

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Passive lung insufflation can distend the lungs of patients with NMD significantly greater than air stacking, particularly when glottic and bulbar-innervated muscle dysfunction is severe. LIC, MIC, and VC measurements permit quantifiable assessment of glottic integrity and, therefore, bulbar-innervated muscle function for patients with NMD. The patients who benefit the most from insufflation therapy are those who have the lowest VC.

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Air Doping

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Pulmonary Physiology and Medicine of Diving

Pulmonary Physiology and Medicine of Diving

Unsupervised Learning of PCFGs with Normalizing Flow

Lung Insufflation Capacity in Neuromuscular Disease

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