Agroindustrial production sphere-radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident and the chief protective measures

Korneev, N.; Povalyaev, A. P.; Aleksakhin, R. M.; Panteleev, L.I.; Ratnikov, A.N.; Kruglov, S. V.; Санжарова, Н. И.; Исамов, Н. Н.; Сироткин, А. Н.

doi:10.1007/bf01270810

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The analysis of our own data and the data of other authors [7,[11][12][13][14][15] allowed to estimate the efficiency of the main agrotechnical countermeasures that can be used after radiation accidents (Fig 1). This figure shows that the removal of the upper layer of the soil reduces the radiocontamination of fields more than 120 times.…”

Section: Removal Of Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiological Efficiency of Agricultural Countermeasures Applied in Radiocontaminated Fields

Perepelyatnikov¹,

Perepelyatnikova²,

Ivanova³

et al. 2007

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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Implementation of agricultural countermeasures is one of the principal methods that allow to decrease irradiation doses. Summarizing available information about countermeasures and taking into account the experience in the elimination of the nuclear accident consequences, it is demonstrated that the most widespread countermeasures after the Chernobyl accident were soil ameliorations. These methods are simple, inexpensive and effective in reducing radionuclide transfer from the soil to agricultural crops. Among the above mentioned methods, agrotechnical countermeasures were the most applicable, decreasing the contamination of plant products up to 20 times. Radical and surface improvements of natural and semi‐natural meadows were carried out on a large scale on contaminated lands. The biggest decrease of vegetation contamination was observed after the radical improvement of meadows, with and without drainage, 43 and 16 times, respectively. Other effective measures are agrochemical methods. In fact the application of various fertilizers permitted to decrease the radioactive contamination of production averagely 2–3 times. Potassium fertilizers were the most effective for the decrease of 137Cs transfer to harvested crops. Application of sorbing minerals decreased 137Cs transfer to crops from a peaty soil up to 11 times, and from a sod‐podzolic soil up to 3 times. Moreover, these countermeasures increased the yield and improved the quality of products.

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Section: Removal Of Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of enhanced doses of phosphorous fertilizers decreases 137 Cs transfer to crops from sod-podzolic sandy-loamy and sandy soils 2-2,5 times, and 90 Sr transfer -up to 8 times [12]. Organic fertilizers decrease 137 Cs transfer to crop yield 1,5-3 times, the biggest effect was observed on light soils [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological Efficiency of Agricultural Countermeasures Applied in Radiocontaminated Fields

Perepelyatnikov¹,

Perepelyatnikova²,

Ivanova³

et al. 2007

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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“…This, incidentally, was also the case for the formation of the East Ural radioactive track in 1957 and during the accident in the reactor producing plutonium at Selafield (Great Britain) in 1957. The Chernobyl accident is placed in this category for the following reasons: 1) the radionuclide-containing agricultural production in the region of the accident was one of the leading sources and in certain cases the dominant source of accidental irradiation of the human population; 2) the main contingent in the accident zone is rural ("rural" type of food consumption); 3) the irradiation dose to the rural population under otherwise the same conditions is higher than for an urban population; 4) the agroindustrial production was the most important segment of the economy in the region of the accident [14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regulation of dose loads on the population by applying countermeasures in agriculture presented the greatest reserve for radioecological improvement of the situation [14,15]. On the ecological-medical level, the accident can be viewed with full justification as exceptionally serious for the people living in towns and for the agroindustrial complex.…”

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confidence: 99%

Radioecology and the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

2006

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The ecological features of the 1986 Chernobyl accident and the principles of radiation monitoring of the environment are described. The laws of migration of radionuclides in different media in the environment and the accumulation of radioactive substances in food products are presented. The effect of radiation on the plant and animal worlds in the region of the accident is assessed. A system of protective and remediation measures in the agricutural, forestry, and water spheres is presented, and their radiological and cost effectiveness are estimated. The significance of the complicated and contradictory political and economic conditions during the time of the accident in the USSR (Commonwealth of Independent States) for the assessment of the ecological consequences of the accident is indicated.Ecological problems have taken an important place among the complex of problems which arose in connection with the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 -technological, medical, economic, social, and others, because it is precisely the contamination of the environment that was largely determining in overcoming the consequences of this accident [1,2]. At the same time, the accident shed light on the meaning of the ecological aspects, since proof of the absence of a negative effect on human health and the environment and its stable existence and development is regarded as a necessary condition for achieving progress in using nuclear reactions to produce energy.When analyzing the consequences of the accident, one should keep in mind not only the direct effect of ionizing radiation on plants and animals and their populations and the ecosystem as a whole, the radioactive contamination of environmental and domestic objects (first and foremost, agricultural, forest, and water spheres), which limits or even eliminates their use by man, but also many allied questions concerning directly the ecological effect of an accident. First and foremost, it is necessary to take into consideration the public's concerns about the danger of the radioactive contamination of the environment outside the context of the data accumulated on the consequences of radiation accidents and in many cases even in contradiction to this scientific information because of the lack of trust in scientists. Certain medical consequences, undoubtedly among the main consequences of this accident, actually are associated with the influence of ecological factors. Thus, cancer of the thyroid gland, first and foremost in children, which is one of the most significant medical consequences of the accident, in reality, initially, occurs for ecological reasons -the consumption of cow's milk, mainly, by feeding mothers after animals have been led out to pastures contaminated with radioactive iodine.The radioecological consequences of the accident in the exact sense of the concept "radioecological" must be considered as aspects of two phenomena. On the one hand, the radionuclides emitted from the damaged unit were the source of irradiation of associations of plant...

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“…Отмечалась неоднозначность данных по внесению цеолитов. Добавление цеолитов оказалось эффективным только на 4 изученных типах почв и лишь для отдельных культур, максимальное снижение перехода обнаружено для зерна пшеницы -2.5 раза [23]. В некоторых случаях внесение цеолита в почву вело к увеличению перехода 137 Cs в растения из почвы.…”

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137Cs behavior in the system soil – plant in the stationary sampling sites located within the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl NPP in the period 1987-1992: II. Vertical migration in soils and accumulation of 137Cs in natural meadow grasses

2016

International Journal of Environmental Problems

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It was shown that on the territory of 30-km area around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant highlighted 2 zones, which differ in the form of depositions of radionuclides. The first, which was called the "near" zone, dominated by the fuel component; the second, named "remote" zone, dominated by the condensation component. In the "near" to the reactor zone properties of 137 Cs were largely determined by the occurrence of the radionuclide within transformed fuel particles and composite reactor's materials (primarily, graphite) besides o SAC (soil adsorbtion complex). The radiocesium incorpoprated in composition of graphite particles, during the entire period of study (1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992) have been gradually leaching out of them, while remaining readily available for plant uptake. At the same time, most of 137 Cs located in SAC, due to irreversible fixation by clay minerals of the soil became inaccessible for plants. As a result, during the period of research the mobility of radiocaesium in the system "soil-plant" was higher in "near" to the reactor zone, than in "remote" with a predominance of condensation forms of the radioactive fallout: the transfer factors (TF) of 137 Cs in "near" zone, in average, turned out in 1988 to 1.6 in 1989 to 2.4 in 1990 to 3.1, and in 1992 to 4.0 times higher than in "remote" zone.In lysimetric waters collected at sites with a predominance of the fuel components of the radioactive fallout, there was marked increased 137 Cs volume activity. Nevertheless, in the soil of the area located in the "near" zone, the content of the exchange form of the radionuclide was 2.5-7 times less in comparison with other plots, located in the "remote" zone. This may be due to the

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Agroindustrial production sphere-radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident and the chief protective measures

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Radiological Efficiency of Agricultural Countermeasures Applied in Radiocontaminated Fields

Radiological Efficiency of Agricultural Countermeasures Applied in Radiocontaminated Fields

Radioecology and the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

137Cs behavior in the system soil – plant in the stationary sampling sites located within the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl NPP in the period 1987-1992: II. Vertical migration in soils and accumulation of 137Cs in natural meadow grasses

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