Agrochemicals in field margins – An experimental field study to assess the impacts of pesticides and fertilizers on a natural plant community

Schmitz, Juliane; Hahn, Melanie; Brühl, Carsten A.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.04.025

Cited by 71 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Areas dominated by intensive agriculture have shown, in the last decades, a simplification of the agro-ecosystem (Benton et al, 2003) and a consequent decrease in biodiversity (Tscharntke et al, 2005;Krauss et al, 2010;Flohre et al, 2011;Winqvist et al, 2011;Postma-Blaauw et al, 2012) associated with agricultural management (Kleijn & Snoeijing, 1997;Longley et al, 1997;Benton et al, 2002;Schmitz et al, 2014a). Many of these areas are characterised by strong crop specialisation (monoculture) and by a decrease in semi-natural habitats; in these circumstances, field margins are the only habitat in which it is possible to find various wild plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Diversity in an Intensively Cultivated Vineyard Agroecosystem (Langhe, North-West Italy)

Mania

Isocrono

Pedullà³

et al. 2015

SAJEV

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In areas of intensive agriculture, wild plant species are confined to field margins, thus they play a role in protecting biodiversity. The aim of the present study was to assess plant diversity in an area of intensive viticulture and to evaluate, for the first time, the impact of field margins on vineyard flora biodiversity. The study was conducted in North-West Italy, were five categories of floristic lists in vineyard-margin pairs were sampled and compared. Five margins were identified: grass-covered (A) and bare (B) headlands, small (C) and wide (D) woodlands, and shrub and herbaceous (E) areas. Two hundred and fifty-two taxa were found, although only 19 were widespread. Differences among categories emerged, highlighting the high floristic complexity of the sites surrounded by wide wooded areas (D). The findings suggest an influence of margin size, in addition to margin type, on the floristic richness of the vineyard. Moreover, an inverse relationship between species richness and both the presence of Poaceae and the degree of soil grass coverage emerged. Enhancing biodiversity, at landscape and field level, by the appropriate management of cover crops and ecological infrastructures, within and around vineyards, could be a strategy in sustainable viticulture. The increase in plant species richness is not an end in itself, but it might help to promote biodiversity at different trophic levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Diversity in an Intensively Cultivated Vineyard Agroecosystem (Langhe, North-West Italy)

Mania

Isocrono

Pedullà³

et al. 2015

SAJEV

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“…The application of this product occurred once a year (in April 2010(in April , 2011(in April and 2012 and the authors noted lower biodiversity of species than in the control plots (Schmitz et al, 2014). In Australia, alarming effects on the use of herbicide fluazifop (ACCase inhibitor) applied at postemergence were observed in the composition of native species.…”

Section: Herbicides Drift Impacts On Native Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inability to evaluate properly and regularly the effects of the herbicides may have important ecological considerations to the plant survival (Gove et al, 2007). Thus, in order to preserve biodiversity near those agricultural areas, it is recommended to protect the margins vegetation from agrochemicals, being verified through biomonitoring action of these herbicides (Boutin et al, 2014;Schmitz et al, 2014 …”

Section: Herbicides Drift Impacts On Native Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriva da aplicação de herbicidas sobre plantas cultivadas e nativas: uma revisão

et al. 2016

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-Although the application of herbicides is essential for weed control and increased productivity of several crops, it is widely known that these products may affect non-target organisms. This impact may occur both in parallel to other cultivated crops, and in remaining vegetation next to farmland. Little is known about the effect that herbicides can present in these non-target species, and they are of considerable importance both in food production and in the conservation of natural landscapes. This study aims to address the different impacts that herbicides can cause in several cultivated species typically known and in native species that are important in environmental conservation. Keywords: phytotoxicity; monitoring; conservation; food production Resumo -Embora a aplicação de herbicidas seja essencial para o controle de plantas daninhas e no aumento da produtividade de diversas culturas, é de conhecimento que esses produtos possam afetar organismos não alvos. Este impacto pode ocorrer tanto em culturas cultivadas paralelas a outras, quanto em vegetações remanescentes próximas às áreas agricultáveis. Pouco se sabe sobre o efeito que os herbicidas podem apresentar nessas espécies não alvos, e os mesmos tem uma importância considerável tanto na produção de alimentos quanto na conservação de paisagens naturais. Este estudo buscou abordar os diferentes impactos que os herbicidas podem ocasionar em várias espécies cultivadas tipicamente conhecidas e em espécies nativas de importância na conservação ambiental.

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“…The authors claim that the pesticide treatment does not prevent recolonisation by off-crop parasitoids. On the other hand, continuous annual application of agrochemicals could gradually reduce the frequencies of certain species and cause further plant community shifts (Schmitz et al, 2014). …”

Section: Changes From Secondary Pests To Primary Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for non‐target arthropods

Ockleford¹

2015

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Food Safety Authority, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues developed an opinion on the science to support the development of a risk assessment scheme of plant protection products for non-target arthropods. The current risk assessment scheme is reviewed, taking into consideration recent workshops and progress in science. Proposals are made for specific protection goals which aim to protect important ecosystem services such as food web support, pest control and biodiversity. In order to address recovery and source-sink population dynamics, conducting a landscape-level risk assessment is suggested. A new risk assessment scheme is suggested which integrates modelling approaches. The main exposure routes for non-target arthropods are identified and proposals are made on how to integrate them in the risk assessment. The appropriateness of the currently used vegetation distribution factor was investigated. It is proposed that new tests be included in order to address exposure via oral uptake of residues and uncertainties related to differences in species sensitivity. As the assessment of effects on biodiversity is not explicitly addressed under the existing guidance documents, appropriate risk assessment methodology needs to be developed. As such, expertise was needed in the different areas of terrestrial ecotoxicology, including non-target arthropods (NTAs). This scientific opinion has been written as a precursor to the guidance document on NTAs.The ESCORT 1 and ESCORT 2 workshops form the basis of current risk assessment methodology, which is focused on beneficial arthropods. In view of the above-mentioned EFSA mandate, the working group of the PPR panel reviewed the current risk assessment, identified NTA key drivers that sustain important ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes and developed specific protection goal options for in-field and off-field areas. A new risk assessment framework was suggested which integrates landscape-level assessments. As key drivers also include species with population ranges larger than the scale of a single field or off-field area, the working group identified the need to additionally study the impact of PPPs on NTAs at landscape level. The working group developed proposals for exposure assessment and testing of effects as well as a method to calibrate the lower tier risk assessments.The specific protection goals are closely linked to the temporal and spatial boundaries in the context of risk assessment. These boundaries relate to the protection goal (i.e. where is the community of interest?), the life history, behaviour and distribution of the identified key drivers and the route and distance covered by the emission coming from the in-field. It is necessary to make a distinction between the area designated for cultivation (= in-field) and the area surrounding a field (= off-field).The off-field can be either (semi-)natural habitat or simple structures (fence or a bare strip of land). In most cases, the off-fie...

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Agrochemicals in field margins – An experimental field study to assess the impacts of pesticides and fertilizers on a natural plant community

Cited by 71 publications

References 31 publications

Plant Diversity in an Intensively Cultivated Vineyard Agroecosystem (Langhe, North-West Italy)

Plant Diversity in an Intensively Cultivated Vineyard Agroecosystem (Langhe, North-West Italy)

Deriva da aplicação de herbicidas sobre plantas cultivadas e nativas: uma revisão

Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for non‐target arthropods

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