Aging techniques for deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review

Dharmarajah, Brahman; Sounderajah, Viknesh; Rowland, Simon P.; Leen, Edward; Davies, Alun H.

doi:10.1177/0268355514528691

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It demonstrated encouraging sensitivity and specificity for the identification of intermediate aged thrombi and hence estimate the age of thrombus (76).…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging (Mrdti)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Advanced imaging in acute and chronic deep vein thrombosis

Karande

Hedgire

Sánchez

et al. 2016

Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther.

103

107

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“…It demonstrated encouraging sensitivity and specificity for the identification of intermediate aged thrombi and hence estimate the age of thrombus (76).…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging (Mrdti)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Advanced imaging in acute and chronic deep vein thrombosis

Karande

Hedgire

Sánchez

et al. 2016

Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther.

103

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, this method cannot sufficiently determine the age of DVT [7]. The pathological composition of thrombi changes as the clots mature, and the composition of acute clots, including platelets, fibrin, and neutrophils, is replaced by collagen and mononuclear cells over time [8], which alters the mechanical properties of the blood clot [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pathological heterogeneity on shear wave elasticity imaging in the staging of deep venous thrombosis

Liu

Wen

2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundWe aimed to observe the relationship between the pathological components of a deep venous thrombus (DVT), which was divided into three parts, and the findings on quantitative ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE) to increase the accuracy of thrombus staging in a rabbit model.MethodsA flow stenosis-induced vein thrombosis model was used, and the thrombus was divided into three parts (head, body and tail), which were associated with corresponding observation points. Elasticity was quantified in vivo using SWE over a 2-week period. A quantitative pathologic image analysis (QPIA) was performed to obtain the relative percentages of the components of the main clots.ResultsDVT maturity occurred at 2 weeks, and the elasticity of the whole thrombus and the three parts (head, body and tail) showed an increasing trend, with the Young's modulus values varying from 2.36 ± 0.41 kPa to 13.24 ± 1.71 kPa; 2.01 ± 0.28 kPa to 13.29 ± 1.48 kPa; 3.27 ± 0.57 kPa to 15.91 ± 2.05 kPa; and 1.79 ± 0.36 kPa to 10.51 ± 1.61 kPa, respectively. Significant increases occurred on different days for the different parts: the head showed significant increases on days 4 and 6; the body showed significant increases on days 4 and 7; and the tail showed significant increases on days 3 and 6. The QPIA showed that the thrombus composition changed dynamically as the thrombus matured, with the fibrin and calcium salt deposition gradually increasing and the red blood cells (RBCs) and platelet trabecula gradually decreasing. Significant changes were observed on days 4 and 7, which may represent the transition points for acute, sub-acute and chronic thrombi. Significant heterogeneity was observed between and within the thrombi.ConclusionsVariations in the thrombus components were generally consistent between the SWE and QPIA. Days 4 and 7 after thrombus induction may represent the transition points for acute, sub-acute and chronic thrombi in rabbit models. A dynamic examination of the same part of the thrombus may be helpful for improving the sensitivity and reproducibility of SWE for DVT diagnosis and staging.

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“…However, the sensitivity and specificity of US are operator dependent and vary with interrogated stations, particularly at pelvic veins due to the limitation of US penetration [7, 8, 10]. Moreover, US is unable to differentiate recurrent thrombosis from residual thrombosis and thus can only provide limited guidance for DVT treatment [11–14]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black-blood thrombus imaging (BTI): a contrast-free cardiovascular magnetic resonance approach for the diagnosis of non-acute deep vein thrombosis

Xie

Chen

et al. 2016

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

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BackgroundDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common but elusive illness that can result in long-term disability or death. Accurate detection of thrombosis and assessment of its size and distribution are critical for treatment decision-making. In the present study, we sought to develop and evaluate a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) black-blood thrombus imaging (BTI) technique, based on delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation black-blood preparation and variable flip angle turbo-spin-echo readout, for the diagnosis of non-acute DVT.MethodsThis prospective study was approved by institutional review board and informed consent obtained from all subjects. BTI was first conducted in 11 healthy subjects for parameter optimization and then conducted in 18 non-acute DVT patients to evaluate its diagnostic performance. Two clinically used CMR techniques, contrast-enhanced CMR venography (CE-MRV) and three dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE), were also conducted in all patients for comparison. All images obtained from patients were analyzed on a per-segment basis. Using the consensus diagnosis of CE-MRV as the reference, the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and accuracy (ACC) of BTI and MPRAGE as well as their diagnostic agreement with CE-MRV were calculated. Besides, diagnostic confidence and interreader diagnostic agreement were evaluated for all three techniques.ResultsBTI with optimized parameters effectively nulled the venous blood flow signal and allowed directly visualizing the thrombus within the black-blood lumen. Higher SE (90.4% vs 67.6%), SP (99.0% vs. 97.4%), PPV (95.4% vs. 85.6%), NPV (97.8% vs 92.9%) and ACC (97.4% vs. 91.8%) were obtained by BTI in comparison with MPRAGE. Good diagnostic confidence and excellent diagnostic and interreader agreements were achieved by BTI, which were superior to MPRAGE on detecting the chronic thrombus.ConclusionBTI allows direct visualization of non-acute DVT within the dark venous lumen and has the potential to be a reliable diagnostic tool without the use of contrast medium.

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Aging techniques for deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Advanced imaging in acute and chronic deep vein thrombosis

Advanced imaging in acute and chronic deep vein thrombosis

Effect of pathological heterogeneity on shear wave elasticity imaging in the staging of deep venous thrombosis

Black-blood thrombus imaging (BTI): a contrast-free cardiovascular magnetic resonance approach for the diagnosis of non-acute deep vein thrombosis

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