Aging of immune system: immune signature from peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 1068 healthy adults

Qin, Ling; Jing, Xie; Qiu, Zhifeng; Cao, Wei; Jiao, Yang; Routy, Jean-Pierre; Li, Taisheng

doi:10.18632/aging.100894

Cited by 98 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Hence, we cannot exclude effects of immunosenescence within the comparisons of the study group and HC. However, the biggest changes in relative and absolute lymphocyte subsets occur during infancy, adolescence and in elderly patients >70 years ( 24 , 54 ). As the oldest COVID-19 patient in our study was 71 years of age, effects of immunosenescence should not have critically altered the comparability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Responses in Severe COVID-19-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—An Observational Pilot Study

Notz¹,

Schmalzing

Wedekink³

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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Objectives The severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely determined by the immune response. First studies indicate altered lymphocyte counts and function. However, interactions of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain elusive. In the current study we characterized the immune responses in patients suffering from severe COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods This was a single-center retrospective study in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed COVID-19 between March 14 th and May 28 th 2020 (n = 39). Longitudinal data were collected within routine clinical care, including flow-cytometry of lymphocyte subsets, cytokine analysis and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). Antibody responses against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein were analyzed. Results All patients suffered from severe ARDS, 30.8% died. Interleukin (IL)-6 was massively elevated at every time-point. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was concomitantly upregulated with IL-6. The cellular response was characterized by lymphocytopenia with low counts of CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) and naïve T helper cells. CD8+ T and NK cells recovered after 8 to 14 days. The B cell system was largely unimpeded. This coincided with a slight increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD immunoglobulin (Ig) G and a decrease in anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD IgM. GDF-15 levels were elevated throughout ICU treatment. Conclusions Massively elevated levels of IL-6 and a delayed cytotoxic immune defense characterized severe COVID-19-induced ARDS. The B cell response and antibody production were largely unimpeded. No obvious imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms was observed, with elevated GDF-15 levels suggesting increased tissue resilience.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Responses in Severe COVID-19-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—An Observational Pilot Study

Notz¹,

Schmalzing

Wedekink³

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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“…Older age is associated both with decreasing lymphocyte count, 31,35 which we found in this study, and with mortality. Although the reason for the age-associated decline in lymphocyte count is not known, possible explanations may include age-related thymic involution, which leads to a change in the composition of lymphocyte subsets with age, [36][37][38] and, as a consequence, a change in overall immune competence. 39,40 The higher mortality risk shown among those with lymphopenia who were younger than 70 years of age compared with those aged 70 years or older suggests that factors other than age might contribute to the high mortality risk, such as poor immune surveillance, iatrogenic causes (i.e., medications) and blood donations or transfusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental lymphopenia and mortality: a prospective cohort study

Warny

Helby

Nordestgaard

et al. 2020

CMAJ

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L ymphopenia in an otherwise healthy person is typically discovered when doing routine blood counts. In Denmark, patients with incidental lymphopenia are usually not referred for further examination because the mortality implications are unknown. In general, predictors of mortality are highly valued in everyday clinical practice because they help identify patients who may benefit from additional medical attention. Observational studies have shown lymphopenia to be associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, 1-5 cancer, 6-11 liver disease (including alcohol abuse disorders) 12,13 and systemic autoimmune disease. 14-16 In a 2018 study involving 98 344 participants from the general population of Denmark, we found that lymphopenia was associated with a high risk of infectious disease. 17 The risk of all-cause mortality for patients with incidental lymphopenia is not known. This study aimed to identify the associations between lymphopenia and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods We followed the reporting standards outlined in the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. 18 Study design and participants Participants who were white, of Danish descent and aged 20-100 years were eligible if they participated in the Copenhagen General Population Study, 17 a prospective cohort study that enrolled participants from November 2003 to April 2015 from suburbs in and around Copenhagen, Denmark. 19-21 Further details can be found in Appendix 1, Supplementary Methods,

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“…A further analysis of lymphocytes from alveolar lavage fluid is needed. Third, the expression of some immunological markers, such as CD28 and CD45RO, is different in different age stages (23). Therefore, continuously monitoring host immunity in the same patients is needed.…”

Section: I N I C a L M E D I C I N Ementioning

confidence: 99%

The laboratory tests and host immunity of COVID-19 patients with different severity of illness

Wang¹,

Hou²,

Luo³

et al. 2020

JCI Insight

379

416

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Aging of immune system: immune signature from peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 1068 healthy adults

Cited by 98 publications

References 37 publications

Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Responses in Severe COVID-19-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—An Observational Pilot Study

Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Responses in Severe COVID-19-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—An Observational Pilot Study

Incidental lymphopenia and mortality: a prospective cohort study

The laboratory tests and host immunity of COVID-19 patients with different severity of illness

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