Aggregation of Human Platelets by Acidic Mucopolysaccharide Extracted from Stichopus japonicus Selenka

Abstract

SummaryThe acidic mucopolysaccharide extracted from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus Selenka) (SJAMP) has been shown to cause platelets to aggregate. Using citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP), washed platelets and formaldehyde-fixed platelets from humans, we investigated the effects of platelet inhibitors and various plasmas and their fractions on SJAMP-induced platelet aggregation. It was found that the lowest concentration of SJAMP required for the aggregation of human platelets was about 0.4 μg/ ml and the magnitude of aggregation induced by SJAMP was concentration dependent. The platelets were aggregated by SJAMP at 10 μg/ml in 25 out of 28 (89%) normal subjects tested. Platelet inhibitors such as PGE1, aspirin, indomethacin, apyrase, antimycin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and EDTA inhibited by 70 to 100% the aggregation induced by SJAMP. Washed platelets alone were not aggregated by SJAMP. In the presence of fibrinogetr, washed platelets were aggregated by SJAMP, but formaldehyde-fixed platelets were not. These data indicate that the SJAMP-induced human platelet aggregation requires extracellular calcium, fibrinogen, and energy metabolism. The second phase of aggregation is dependent upon the release of ADP, and cyclooxygenase pathway.

Precise Structure and Anticoagulant Activity of Fucosylated Glycosaminoglycan from Apostichopus japonicus: Analysis of Its Depolymerized Fragments

“…Compared with OSCS and AjFG, Fr-1–Fr-4 exhibited no FXII activation within the experimental concentration range (Figure 3C). Previous studies have shown that the native AjFG induces clumping of human, rat, rabbit, and mouse platelets, and causes a dramatic decrease in the platelet count [31,32]. In our present study, compared with ADP, Fr-1–Fr-4 did not exhibit platelet aggregation ( P > 0.05) (Figure S9).…”

Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfates from the Body Wall of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria forskali

“…The observation that with decreasing fCS polymer size, elastase inhibition activity is retained, but that anticoagulant activity is much reduced, could be of value in some therapeutic applications where anti-inflammatory effects are desirable but where anticoagulant activity would be unwanted. It could also reduce the adverse effects associated with the use of long, highly sulfated polysaccharide chains ( 74 ) as demonstrated in LMWH ( 75 ).…”

Three-liquid-phase salting-out extraction of effective components from waste liquor of processing sea cucumber

“…It contains more than 50 kinds of nutrients including amino acids, essential or polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and trace elements, etc., and active substances, such as collagen proteins, polysaccharides, saponins and brain glycosides (Jiang et al, 2004). These substances have many roles of antitumor (Jin et al, 2009;Sugawara et al, 2006), anticoagulant (Li and Lian, 1988), lowering blood-fat (Liu et al, 2012), antifungal activity (Chludil et al, 2002;Kumar et al, 2007), inhibition of angiogenesis (Zhao et al, 2011), immunomodulatory , inducing neurite outgrowth (Kaneko et al, 2007). environment would be reduced and considerable economic benefits could be obtained.…”