Agglomeration of tungsten carbide nanoparticles in exposure medium does not prevent uptake and toxicity toward a rainbow trout gill cell line

Kühnel, Dana; Busch, Wibke; Meißner, Tobias; Springer, Armin; Potthoff, Annegret; Richter, Volkmar; Gelinsky, Michael; Scholz, Stefan; Schirmer, Kristin

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.04.003

Cited by 81 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A particular contrast was observed for the highest concentrations of WO 3 NPs, which induced a pronounced LDH release and decrease of MTT. As a matter of fact, tungsten carbide nanoparticles (WC NPs) caused reduction in cell viability between 10 and 50% compared to controls upon particle exposure in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill cell line, RTgill-W1 (Kühnel et al 2009). Rothen-Rutishauser et al (2007) reported that the size of nano-particles or their aggregates could be considered a potential determinant for the uptake and subsequent macrophage responses, which could explain the observed differences on LDH release at the highest concentration of NPs (Albrecht et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk Evaluation of Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles in Cultured Rat Liver Cells for Its Safe Applications in Nanotechnology

Türkez

Sönmez

Turkez

et al. 2014

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk Evaluation of Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles in Cultured Rat Liver Cells for Its Safe Applications in Nanotechnology

Türkez

Sönmez

Turkez

et al. 2014

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…For short-term assays not requiring cell division, serum is not essential and even very simple buffers may be applicable, such as L-15ex [ 22 , 39 ]. The absence or presence of serum leads to very different particle states and may modulate the particle toxicity [ 22 ]. In media without serum, NP may agglomerate due to the high salt content.…”

Section: Exposure Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Nanomaterial Toxicity in Unicellular Eukaryotic Algae and Fish Cell Lines

Kröll

Kühnel

Schirmer

2013

Oxidative Stress and Nanotechnology

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Nanoecotoxicology as a sub-discipline of ecotoxicology aims to identify and predict effects elicited on ecosystems by nano-sized materials (NM). Two key groups of model organisms in this context are algae and fi sh. In this chapter, we present considerations for testing NM with respect to their impact on unicellular algae and cell lines derived from various organs of fi sh.Based on currently available literature on NM effects in unicellular algae and fi sh cell lines, and our own experience, we provide guidance on test design, including principle test considerations, materials, NM presentation to cells, exposure, bioavailability, and effect assessment. Assessment needs to be based on a meaningful choice of exposure scenario(s) related to the research question. As a fi rst step, one needs to address whether effects of NMs are to be investigated under environmentally relevant or probable conditions, which may include processes such as agglomeration, or whether NM effects from mono-dispersed particles are of interest, which may require special steps to ensure stable NM suspension. Moreover, whether effects on cells are to be studied in the short-or long-term is important with regard to experimental design. Preparation of NM suspensions, which can be done in aqueous media different from the exposure medium, is addressed with regard to energy input, sterility (as required for algae and fi sh cell exposure) and particle purity.Specifi ed for the two model systems, algae and fi sh cell lines, availability and choice of culture media are presented and discussed with regard to impact on NM behavior. Light, temperature, and agitation, which are variables during exposure, are discussed. We further provide guidance on the characterization of the NM in the chosen aqueous exposure media regarding size, zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility. The state of NM in exposure media is decisive for their bioavailability and therefore for potential particle effects. Therefore, we present ways of deriving a mass balance and quantitative/qualitative information on the uptake and distribution of NM in cells.As NM have a high surface-to-volume ratio and possess specifi c physical-chemical properties, which make them prone to interfere with various compounds and certain types of toxicity tests, potential interferences and appropriate controls are introduced. Furthermore, different types of dose metrics, which is still a strongly debated issue in nanotoxicology, are highlighted. We also consider laboratory safety regarding NM handling and disposal.

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“…This may be particularly important in cell culture studies [69,70] and experiments where the test organism is located at the bottom of the test vessel (e.g. zebrafish embryos or benthic organisms [71,72] ).…”

Section: Agglomeration Of Nmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials: challenges and recommendations for future toxicity testing

et al. 2014

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Environmental context. The increased use of nanomaterials in industrial and consumer products requires robust strategies to identify risks when they are released into the environment. Aquatic toxicologists are beginning to possess a clearer understanding of the chemical and physical properties of nanomaterials in solution, and which of the properties potentially affect the health of aquatic organisms. This review highlights the main challenges encountered in aquatic nanotoxicity testing, provides recommendations for overcoming these challenges, and discusses recent studies that have advanced our understanding of the toxicity of three important OECD nanomaterials, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and silver nanomaterials.Abstract. Aquatic nanotoxicologists and ecotoxicologists have begun to identify the unique properties of the nanomaterials (NMs) that potentially affect the health of wildlife. In this review the scientific aims are to discuss the main challenges nanotoxicologists currently face in aquatic toxicity testing, including the transformations of NMs in aquatic test media (dissolution, aggregation and small molecule interactions), and modes of NM interference (optical interference, adsorption to assay components and generation of reactive oxygen species) on common toxicity assays. Three of the major OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) priority materials, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) NMs, studied recently by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC) Nanotechnology Initiative (NNBNI), a Canadian consortium, have been identified to cause both bulk effect, dissolution-based (i.e. free metal), or NM-specific toxicity in aquatic organisms. TiO 2 NMs are most toxic to algae, with toxicity being NM size-dependent and principally associated with binding of the materials to the organism. Conversely, dissolution of Zn and Ag NMs and the subsequent release of their ionic metal counterparts appear to represent the primary mode of toxicity to aquatic organisms for these NMs. In recent years, our understanding of the toxicological properties of these specific OECD relevant materials has increased significantly. Specifically, researchers have begun to alter their experimental design to identify the different behaviour of these materials as colloids and, by introducing appropriate controls and NM characterisation, aquatic nanotoxicologists are now beginning to possess a clearer understanding of the chemical and physical properties of these materials in solution, and how these materials may interact with organisms. Arming nanotoxicologists with this understanding, combined with knowledge of the physics, chemistry and biology of these materials is essential for maintaining the accuracy of all future toxicological assessments.

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Agglomeration of tungsten carbide nanoparticles in exposure medium does not prevent uptake and toxicity toward a rainbow trout gill cell line

Cited by 81 publications

References 32 publications

The Risk Evaluation of Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles in Cultured Rat Liver Cells for Its Safe Applications in Nanotechnology

The Risk Evaluation of Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles in Cultured Rat Liver Cells for Its Safe Applications in Nanotechnology

Testing Nanomaterial Toxicity in Unicellular Eukaryotic Algae and Fish Cell Lines

Aquatic toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials: challenges and recommendations for future toxicity testing

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