“…Few ecological studies have considered temporally dynamic landscapes, and those that have done so have used pre-defined changes in land management and the environment (Bithell et al 2008, Imron et al 2011, Gimona et al 2015, Synes et al 2015, Marshall et al 2018, thus not including feedbacks between ecological and environmental processes (Keith et al 2008, Franklin et al 2014. The few existing models of feedback dynamics suggest a largely unrealised potential for uncovering important emergent effects through integrated modelling (Mathevet et al 2003, Monticino et al 2007, Rebaudo et al 2011, Carrasco et al 2012, Le Page et al 2013, Polhill et al 2013. The few existing models of feedback dynamics suggest a largely unrealised potential for uncovering important emergent effects through integrated modelling (Mathevet et al 2003, Monticino et al 2007, Rebaudo et al 2011, Carrasco et al 2012, Le Page et al 2013, Polhill et al 2013.…”