Age, strain and sex differences in susceptibility to Cysticercus fasciolaris in the mouse

Dow, C.; Jarrett, W. F. H.

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(60)90086-2

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Our results oppose the findings of Blázquez et al [57] that describe no in vivo susceptibility to an IP SAAR-1776 challenge in mice. The number of cell passages or the mouse species as well as the age difference could explain this [58]: Blázquez et al used eight-week-old Swiss mice [57] while we used four-week-old mice. Other unknown factors may eventually explain these differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usutu Virus Isolated from Rodents in Senegal

Diagne

Ndione

Paola

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Usutu virus (USUV) is a Culex-associated mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family. Since its discovery in 1959, the virus has been isolated from birds, arthropods and humans in Europe and Africa. An increasing number of Usutu virus infections in humans with neurological presentations have been reported. Recently, the virus has been detected in bats and horses, which deviates from the currently proposed enzootic cycle of USUV involving several different avian and mosquito species. Despite this increasing number of viral detections in different mammalian hosts, the existence of a non-avian reservoir remains unresolved. In Kedougou, a tropical region in the southeast corner of Senegal, Usutu virus was detected, isolated and sequenced from five asymptomatic small mammals: Two different rodent species and a single species of shrew. Additional molecular characterization and in vivo growth dynamics showed that these rodents/shrew-derived viruses are closely related to the reference strain (accession number: AF013412) and are as pathogenic as other characterized strains associated with neurological invasions in human. This is the first evidence of Usutu virus isolation from rodents or shrews. Our findings emphasize the need to consider a closer monitoring of terrestrial small mammals in future active surveillance, public health, and epidemiological efforts in response to USUV in both Africa and Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usutu Virus Isolated from Rodents in Senegal

Diagne

Ndione

Paola

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…All three doses tested resulted in 100% mice mortality ( Table 2 ), which agreed with previous results. The differences in average survival time and mortality rates compared to previous studies, could be explained by differences in the passage history of viral strains, and the age of the infected mice [ 81 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and phylogenetic characteristics of West African lineages of West Nile virus

et al. 2017

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The West Nile virus (WNV), isolated in 1937, is an arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) that infects thousands of people each year. Despite its burden on global health, little is known about the virus’ biological and evolutionary dynamics. As several lineages are endemic in West Africa, we obtained the complete polyprotein sequence from three isolates from the early 1990s, each representing a different lineage. We then investigated differences in growth behavior and pathogenicity for four distinct West African lineages in arthropod (Ap61) and primate (Vero) cell lines, and in mice. We found that genetic differences, as well as viral-host interactions, could play a role in the biological properties in different WNV isolates in vitro, such as: (i) genome replication, (ii) protein translation, (iii) particle release, and (iv) virulence. Our findings demonstrate the endemic diversity of West African WNV strains and support future investigations into (i) the nature of WNV emergence, (ii) neurological tropism, and (iii) host adaptation.

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“…The male sex hormone testosterone (Te) is known to promote a wide variety of diseases including different forms of cancer such as prostate-and hepatocarcinoma (Henderson et al 1982, Kemp, Leary & Drinkwater 1989 as well as to aggravate the course and outcome of infectious diseases by parasites (Alexander & Stimson 1988). Indeed, there is vast literature available that Te increases the susceptibility of vertebrate hosts towards many different protozoan parasites (Kierszenbaum et al , Dubey, Hoover & Walls 1977, Greenblatt & Rosenstreich 1984 and helminthic endoparasites (Dow & Jarrett 1960, Dobson 1962, Miller 1965, Ohbayashi & Sakamoto 1966, Charniga et al 1981, Bone & Bottjer 1986. Te even increases the susceptibility towards arthropod ectoparasites such as ticks (Ali & Sweatman 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone‐unresponsiveness of existing immunity against Plasmodium chabaudi malaria

Wunderlich

Benten

Bettenhaeuser

et al. 1992

Parasite Immunology

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Testosterone (Te) is known to suppress immunity and to increase host susceptibility to many parasites. This study investigates the action of Te on immunity acquired against blood-stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi in female mice of the inbred strain C57BL/10. Our data show: (i) About 90% of mice infected with 10(6) P. chabaudi-infected erythrocytes are able to develop protective immune mechanisms which become evident in self-healing the infection. The capability of self-healing is lost when mice are pretreated with Te for 3 weeks. (ii) Mice which have self-healed infections acquire immunity to homologous rechallenge. Concomitantly, mice become Te-unresponsive in that their acquired immunity is not suppressible by Te-treatment. (iii) Flow cytometry reveals that Te-pretreatment entails an increase of CD8+ cells and a decrease of Ig+ cells by about 4% in spleens of non-immune mice. In immune mice, however, there is a Te-unresponsiveness of the percental distribution of splenic cell populations. (iv) Adoptive transfer experiments indicate that immunity is conferred by spleen cells, presumably non-T-cells. These cells are Te-unresponsive, since they exert their effect in Te-pretreated mice in the presence of Te. (v) Te-unresponsive immunity can be also transferred by serum, especially the IgG-fraction, obtained from immune mice. Our data demonstrate that Te prevents the development of protective immunity against P. chabaudi infections. However, when once established, protective immunity becomes unresponsive to Te. Our data suggest that the effector mechanisms of protective immunity involve Te-unresponsive B cells secreting protective IgG-antibodies.

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Age, strain and sex differences in susceptibility to Cysticercus fasciolaris in the mouse

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Usutu Virus Isolated from Rodents in Senegal

Usutu Virus Isolated from Rodents in Senegal

Biological and phylogenetic characteristics of West African lineages of West Nile virus

Testosterone‐unresponsiveness of existing immunity against Plasmodium chabaudi malaria

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