Age-Related Losses of Retinal Ganglion Cells and Axons

Abstract

The results suggest that the proportion of RNFL that is composed of RGC axons is not constant with age; rather, the proportion of the total thickness from non-neuronal tissue increases with age. If a similar compensation occurs in the RNFL thickness with axon loss from glaucoma, then a stage-dependent correction to translate OCT measurements to neuronal components is needed, in addition to the age-dependent correction.

Aging Related Changes of Retina and Optic Nerve of Uromastyx aegyptia and Falco tinnunculus

“…There was a correlation between the detected demyelination and vacuolation of the nerve axons of the optic nerve and the ganglion cell loss (Figures and ). The present results supported the work of Harwerth et al in patients and experimental animals such as rat glaucoma model, burrowing snake’s typhlops and Calabaria, and microchiropteran species …”

Aging Related Changes of Retina and Optic Nerve of Uromastyx aegyptia and Falco tinnunculus

“…There was a correlation between the detected demyelination and vacuolation of the nerve axons of the optic nerve and the ganglion cell loss (Figures and ). The present results supported the work of Harwerth et al in patients and experimental animals such as rat glaucoma model, burrowing snake’s typhlops and Calabaria, and microchiropteran species …”

Retinal sublayer defect is independently associated with the severity of hypertensive white matter hyperintensity

“…Although microstructural changes in the white matter have been noted for its liability to microvascular damage (Connor et al, ; Lin, Wang, Lan, & Fan, ), our study highlighted the role of neurodegeneration in the white matter damage on MRI images using the Fazekas scale; further studies on the association between the retinal vasculature and the cerebral microstructure are needed to validate this hypothesis and also evaluation of the optic nerve could be investigated. With regard to aging, we observed that increase in age was associated with thinning of the retinal layers and susceptibility to lesions in the white matter which is congruent with previous reports (Harwerth, Wheat, & Rangaswamy, ; Mutlu et al, ).…”

Effects of Age, Race, and Ethnicity on the Optic Nerve and Peripapillary Region Using Spectral-Domain OCT 3D Volume Scans

“…As the most commonly used OCT parameter for the management of glaucoma, the relationship between RNFL thickness and aging in the normal population has been thoroughly investigated in past studies, with decline rates of −1.5 to −3.7 μm per decade being reported. 25 – 32 In our study, we found a decline rate of −2.0 μm per decade for global RNFL thickness ( Table 2 ), compatible with what was reported in previous studies. With regard to the quadrants, RNFL thickness has been found to be most strongly affected by age in the superior 25 , 27 , 29 , 33 and inferior 26 , 32 quadrants, similar to the findings in this study, in which highest rates of RNFL age-related change were found in the superior (−3.5 μm per decade, Table 2 ) and the inferior quadrants (−2.7 μm per decade, Table 2 ).…”

Aging Related Changes of Retina and Optic Nerve of Uromastyx aegyptia and Falco tinnunculus

“…There was a correlation between the detected demyelination and vacuolation of the nerve axons of the optic nerve and the ganglion cell loss (Figures and ). The present results supported the work of Harwerth et al in patients and experimental animals such as rat glaucoma model, burrowing snake’s typhlops and Calabaria, and microchiropteran species …”

Retinal sublayer defect is independently associated with the severity of hypertensive white matter hyperintensity

“…Although microstructural changes in the white matter have been noted for its liability to microvascular damage (Connor et al, ; Lin, Wang, Lan, & Fan, ), our study highlighted the role of neurodegeneration in the white matter damage on MRI images using the Fazekas scale; further studies on the association between the retinal vasculature and the cerebral microstructure are needed to validate this hypothesis and also evaluation of the optic nerve could be investigated. With regard to aging, we observed that increase in age was associated with thinning of the retinal layers and susceptibility to lesions in the white matter which is congruent with previous reports (Harwerth, Wheat, & Rangaswamy, ; Mutlu et al, ).…”

Effects of Age, Race, and Ethnicity on the Optic Nerve and Peripapillary Region Using Spectral-Domain OCT 3D Volume Scans

“…As the most commonly used OCT parameter for the management of glaucoma, the relationship between RNFL thickness and aging in the normal population has been thoroughly investigated in past studies, with decline rates of −1.5 to −3.7 μm per decade being reported. 25 – 32 In our study, we found a decline rate of −2.0 μm per decade for global RNFL thickness ( Table 2 ), compatible with what was reported in previous studies. With regard to the quadrants, RNFL thickness has been found to be most strongly affected by age in the superior 25 , 27 , 29 , 33 and inferior 26 , 32 quadrants, similar to the findings in this study, in which highest rates of RNFL age-related change were found in the superior (−3.5 μm per decade, Table 2 ) and the inferior quadrants (−2.7 μm per decade, Table 2 ).…”

Aging Related Changes of Retina and Optic Nerve of Uromastyx aegyptia and Falco tinnunculus

“…There was a correlation between the detected demyelination and vacuolation of the nerve axons of the optic nerve and the ganglion cell loss (Figures and ). The present results supported the work of Harwerth et al in patients and experimental animals such as rat glaucoma model, burrowing snake’s typhlops and Calabaria, and microchiropteran species …”

Retinal sublayer defect is independently associated with the severity of hypertensive white matter hyperintensity

“…Although microstructural changes in the white matter have been noted for its liability to microvascular damage (Connor et al, ; Lin, Wang, Lan, & Fan, ), our study highlighted the role of neurodegeneration in the white matter damage on MRI images using the Fazekas scale; further studies on the association between the retinal vasculature and the cerebral microstructure are needed to validate this hypothesis and also evaluation of the optic nerve could be investigated. With regard to aging, we observed that increase in age was associated with thinning of the retinal layers and susceptibility to lesions in the white matter which is congruent with previous reports (Harwerth, Wheat, & Rangaswamy, ; Mutlu et al, ).…”

Effects of Age, Race, and Ethnicity on the Optic Nerve and Peripapillary Region Using Spectral-Domain OCT 3D Volume Scans

“…As the most commonly used OCT parameter for the management of glaucoma, the relationship between RNFL thickness and aging in the normal population has been thoroughly investigated in past studies, with decline rates of −1.5 to −3.7 μm per decade being reported. 25 – 32 In our study, we found a decline rate of −2.0 μm per decade for global RNFL thickness ( Table 2 ), compatible with what was reported in previous studies. With regard to the quadrants, RNFL thickness has been found to be most strongly affected by age in the superior 25 , 27 , 29 , 33 and inferior 26 , 32 quadrants, similar to the findings in this study, in which highest rates of RNFL age-related change were found in the superior (−3.5 μm per decade, Table 2 ) and the inferior quadrants (−2.7 μm per decade, Table 2 ).…”