Age-Related Changes of Sprint Kinematics

Dahl, Julian; Degens, Hans; Hildebrand, Frank; Ganse, Bergita

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00613

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1 Maintaining high levels of physical exercise throughout the life seems to slow the multisystemic deterioration commonly observed in inactive individuals. 5 Nevertheless, accelerated declines in performance after the age of 70 years have been reported in many athletic disciplines 1,[6][7][8][9][10] and are evident even in longitudinal data. [11][12][13] Factors that may contribute to this age-related decline are decreases in pulmonary function, 14 muscle wasting and weakness, 15,16 loss of motor units, 17 and reductions in car-diovascular function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Declines Are Accelerated in the Oldest-Old Track and Field Athletes 80 to 94 Years of Age

Ganse

Drey

Hildebrand

et al. 2021

Rejuvenation Research

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Physical performance declines with age, even in exercising, healthy individuals without major illnesses or orthopedic issues. The rate of performance decline is often reported to accelerate after the age of 70 years, but almost no data are available on performance in the fittest oldest-old. To assess their rate of decline in performance, the biggest data set of track and field athletes aged ‡80 years (1567 results) ever published was generated for different disciplines from German Athletics Federations including 1997-2019. Performance at age 80 years of athletes still participating at age 85 years was compared with those who discontinued. Only 1 of every 22 athletes competing at age 80 years still competed at age 90 years. The performance decline was more than three times as steep in athletes aged ‡80 years (on average 1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Declines Are Accelerated in the Oldest-Old Track and Field Athletes 80 to 94 Years of Age

Ganse

Drey

Hildebrand

et al. 2021

Rejuvenation Research

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“…Athletic performance declines with age, despite our best efforts to stop or minimize losses in physical capabilities by exercise, nutrition and further anti-aging interventions [1][2][3]. While much is known on performance declines in running with age [4][5][6][7][8], less is known on performance trajectories in other athletics disciplines, such as jumping and throwing [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal trends in master track and field performance throughout the aging process: 83,209 results from Sweden in 16 athletics disciplines

et al. 2020

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In the research of age-related performance declines, the value of cross-sectional versus longitudinal data is an ongoing debate. This paper analyses the largest longitudinal master track and field data set ever published to compare the age-related decline in performance between 16 athletics disciplines in cross-sectional and longitudinal data. The data set contained 83,209 results (64,948 from men, 78.1%; 18,261 from women, 21.9%) from 34,132 athletes (26,186 men, 76.7%; 7946 women, 23.3%), aged 35–97 years. In 61 athletes, 20 or more, and in 312 athletes, 15 or more results were available. The data were analyzed by regression statistics/ANCOVA. Men had a higher performance than women, irrespective of discipline in both cross-sectional and longitudinal data (p < 0.001). The performance in cross-sectional data was lower compared with the longitudinal data in all events and at any age (p ≤ 0.007) except for 1000 m men. The average age was lower in the cross-sectional than the longitudinal data (p < 0.001); men 46 and 58 years, women 44 and 56 years, respectively. The annual percentage rate of decline did not differ significantly between cross-sectional and longitudinal data, or between sexes in most disciplines. Performance declines after age 70 were 1.7 times (men) and 1.4 times (women) as steep as before. In conclusion, although longitudinal master athletics data of athletes with 10 and more results has higher average performance and age compared with cross-sectional data, cross-sectional data give a good impression of the annual percentage decline in performance, which was similar in men and women.

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“…In sprinters and middle-distance runners, however, a lower hip flexibility was associated with a lower performance and changes in kinematic parameters [77,78]. These included increases in the bending-over angle, brake angle, and hip flexion angle, and decreases in the propulsion angle and leg stiffness angle during the running cycle with age, which indicates increased joint stiffness [77]. Tendons become more susceptible to injury with age, which is why overhead master athletes (such as throwers) often suffer from ro-tator-cuff injuries associated with limitations in the range of motion and pain and thereby decreased performance [79].…”

Section: Decreases In Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Craib et al [76] hypothesized that low flexibility in the lower limbs and trunk was associated with enhanced running economy in subelite male runners by increasing storage and return of elastic energy and minimizing the need for muscle-stabilizing activity. In sprinters and middle-distance runners, however, a lower hip flexibility was associated with a lower performance and changes in kinematic parameters [77,78]. These included increases in the bending-over angle, brake angle, and hip flexion angle, and decreases in the propulsion angle and leg stiffness angle during the running cycle with age, which indicates increased joint stiffness [77].…”

Section: Decreases In Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Insights in the Age-related Decline in Sports Performance of the Older Athlete

Ganse

Degens

2021

Int J Sports Med

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The higher performance level of master athletes compared to non-athletes is often associated with better health throughout life. However, even the physical performance of master athletes declines with age, and this decline accelerates from about the age of 70 years onwards. A progressive loss of muscle mass, declines in force- and power-generating capacity, decreased flexibility, and the concomitant decline in specific tension characterize the muscular changes underlying performance declines. In the cardiovascular system, declines in stroke volume and cardiac output, and cardiac and vascular stiffness contribute to decreasing performance. Recent studies have shown that long-term endurance exercise in master athletes does not only have positive effects, but is associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation, atherosclerotic plaques, and aortic dilation, and even more so in men than in women. Recently, larger longitudinal datasets were analysed and showed that the age-related decline in performance was similar in longitudinal and cross-sectional data. In conclusion, regular physical activity enhances the exercise capacity, and hence quality of life in old age, but it is not without risks.

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Age-Related Changes of Sprint Kinematics

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Performance Declines Are Accelerated in the Oldest-Old Track and Field Athletes 80 to 94 Years of Age

Performance Declines Are Accelerated in the Oldest-Old Track and Field Athletes 80 to 94 Years of Age

Longitudinal trends in master track and field performance throughout the aging process: 83,209 results from Sweden in 16 athletics disciplines

Current Insights in the Age-related Decline in Sports Performance of the Older Athlete

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