Age-Related Changes in the Composition of Gut Bifidobacterium Species

Kato, Koichi; Odamaki, Toshitaka; Mitsuyama, Eri; Sugahara, Hirosuke; Xiao, Jin‐zhong; Osawa, Ro

doi:10.1007/s00284-017-1272-4

Cited by 137 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Bifidobacterium is the well-known probiotic dominating in human gut microbiota and reduces with age [35]. Similar to the observation that Bifidobacterium disappears in middle-aged mice,[12] our data reveal that Bifidobacterium is the genus declined mostly in human midlife.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…This is supported by a recent study that changes in the composition of Bifidobacterium species occur with ageing. [35] Addition to the roles of acetate in the healthy problem of midlife, such as obesity and T2D, it is reported that bifidobacteria-produced acetate improves intestinal defense mediated by epithelial cells and thereby protects the host against lethal infections. [62] Therefore, further study is needed to clarify the species of Bifidobacterium reduced in midlife.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related Changes of Microbiota in Midlife Associated with Reduced Saccharolytic Potential: An In Vitro Study

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Gut microbiota diversity and abundance are critical in maintaining human health, and subject to significantly reduce in seniors. Gut microbiota are reported to be stable across the long adulthood in general, but lack of careful examination, especially for the midlife people.Results: To characterize the gut microbiota in midlife, we investigated the faecal microbiota between two groups of healthy people, young, 20-39 years old, n=15; and midlife, 40-60 years old, n=15. Metabolic responses of the microbiota were studied through in vitro batch fermentation model. Despite no difference was observed in the diversity indies between the two age groups, a wide range taxonomic changes were found in the faecal microbiota. Furthermore, substantial Bifidobacterium reduction was also found in both faecal and fermented samples. The level of SCFAs in both faecal and starch fermented samples is similar in both groups. However, when fermentation was performed with inulin as the sole carbon source, the acetate concentration and inulin degradation rate decreased while the gas production increased in midlife group, suggesting a deficiency of saccharolytic potential in midlife, especially for non-digestible carbohydrate. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that gut microbiota begin to change as early as in midlife. The reduction in Bifidobacterium dominates the change of the microbiota composition in midlife resulting in attenuated saccharolytic capability of inulin, leading to insufficient acetate production which might be associated with healthy problems in this transition period from young to elderly.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related Changes of Microbiota in Midlife Associated with Reduced Saccharolytic Potential: An In Vitro Study

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…1e ). In contrast, post weaning type Bifidobacterium species, including B. adolescentis , B. animalis/pseudolongum and B. catenulatum group 20, 21 , were not significantly associated with aromatic lactic acids nor breastfeeding status ( Fig. 1e ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Breastmilk-promoted bifidobacteria produce aromatic amino acids in the infant gut

Laursen

Sakanaka

Burg

et al. 2020

Preprint

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26Breastfeeding profoundly shapes the infant gut microbiota, which is critical for early life immune 27 development. However, few breastmilk-dependent microbial metabolites mediating host-microbiota 28 interactions are currently known. We here demonstrate that breastmilk-promoted Bifidobacterium 29 species convert aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine) into their respective 30 aromatic lactic acids (indolelactate, phenyllactate and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate) via a previously 31 unrecognised aromatic lactate dehydrogenase. By longitudinal profiling of the gut microbiota 32 composition and metabolome of stool samples of infants obtained from birth until 6 months of age, 33 we show that stool concentrations of aromatic lactic acids is determined by the abundance of human 34 milk oligosaccharide degrading Bifidobacterium species containing the aromatic lactate 35 dehydrogenase. Finally, we demonstrate that stool concentrations of Bifidobacterium-derived 36 indolelactate are associated with the capacity of infant stool samples to activate the aryl 37 hydrocarbon receptor, a receptor important for maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and immune 38 system development. These findings open up new directions towards understanding the role of 39 breastmilk-promoted Bifidobacterium in mediating host-microbiota interactions in early life. 40 INTRODUCTION 41Human breastmilk is a perfectly adapted nutritional supply for the infant 1 . Breastfeeding provides 42 children with important short-term protection against infections, and may also provide long-term 43 metabolic benefits 1,2 . These benefits may partly be mediated through the gut microbiota, since 44 breastfeeding is the strongest determinant of gut microbiota composition and function during 45 infancy 3-5 . Human breastmilk contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are complex, 46 highly abundant sugars serving as substrates for specific microbes including certain species of 47 Bifidobacterium 6 . This co-evolution between bifidobacteria and the host, mediated by HMOs, to a 48 large extent directs the colonization of the gut in early life, which has critical impact on the immune 49 system 7 . Depletion of specific microbes, including Bifidobacterium, in early life has been associated 50 with increased risk of allergy and asthma development in childhood 8,9 , and is suggested to 51 compromise immune function and lead to increased susceptibility to infectious disease 10,11 . Despite 52 Bifidobacterium dominating the gut of breastfed infants and being widely acknowledged as 53 beneficial, mechanistic insights on the contribution of these bacteria and their metabolites to 54 immune development during infancy remain limited. Recent studies show that microbial aromatic 55 amino acid metabolites including tryptophan-derived indoles 12 , via activation of the aryl 56 hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), can fortify the intestinal barrier 13,14 , protect against pathogenic 57 infections 15,16 and influence host metabolism 13,17,18 , which makes this...

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“…Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is considered to be a subspecies of nonendogenous bifidobacteria in the human gut (Kato et al, ; Turroni et al, ). In this study, the number of B. lactis was above the detection limit in the feces of only five subjects during the observation period and their levels were very low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of synbiotics containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 and inulin on intestinal bifidobacteria: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study

Anzawa

Mizutani

Tanaka

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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A number of studies have shown the bifidogenic effects of either probiotic bifidobacteria or inulin, and this bifidogenic shift in the composition of the colonic microbiota is likely the basis for their positive impact on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of synbiotics containing the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis ( B. lactis ) GCL2505 and inulin on the levels of intestinal bifidobacteria compared with B. lactis GCL2505 alone. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial was carried out involving 60 healthy subjects with a tendency for constipation using fermented milk containing B. lactis GCL2505 and inulin (synbiotic), only B. lactis GCL2505 (probiotic), and placebo. Fecal samples were collected at the end of each 2‐week intervention period, and the bifidobacterial count was analyzed by quantitative real‐time PCR. The numbers of total bifidobacteria and B. lactis in feces were significantly increased during the probiotic and synbiotic intake periods compared with the placebo intake period. Furthermore, the numbers of total bifidobacteria and endogenous bifidobacteria were significantly higher in the synbiotic intake period compared with the probiotic intake period, while there was no difference in the number of B. lactis . These results suggested that the synbiotics containing B. lactis GCL2505 and inulin had a greater effect on the number of bifidobacteria than a drink containing probiotics alone and could be useful for the improvement of the intestinal environment.

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Age-Related Changes in the Composition of Gut Bifidobacterium Species

Cited by 137 publications

References 46 publications

Age-related Changes of Microbiota in Midlife Associated with Reduced Saccharolytic Potential: An In Vitro Study

Age-related Changes of Microbiota in Midlife Associated with Reduced Saccharolytic Potential: An In Vitro Study

Breastmilk-promoted bifidobacteria produce aromatic amino acids in the infant gut

Effects of synbiotics containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 and inulin on intestinal bifidobacteria: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study

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