Age-Related 1H NMR Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Newborn and Young Healthy Piglets

Abstract

When it comes to neuroscience, pigs represent an important animal model due to their resemblance with humans’ brains for several patterns including anatomy and developmental stages. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a relatively easy-to-collect specimen that can provide important information about neurological health and function, proving its importance as both a diagnostic and biomedical monitoring tool. Consequently, it would be of high scientific interest and value to obtain more standard physiological information regarding its composition and dynamics for both swine pathology and the refinement of experimental protocols. Recently, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy has been applied in order to analyze the metabolomic profile of this biological fluid, and results showed the technique to be highly reproducible and reliable. The aim of the present study was to investigate in both qualitative and quantitative manner the composition of Cerebrospinal Fluid harvested form healthy newborn (5 days old-P5) and young (30-P30 and 50-P50 days old) piglets using 1H NMR Spectroscopy, and to analyze any possible difference in metabolites concentration between age groups, related to age and Blood-Brain-Barrier maturation. On each of the analyzed samples, 30 molecules could be observed above their limit of quantification, accounting for 95–98% of the total area of the spectra. The concentrations of adenine, tyrosine, leucine, valine, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate were found to decrease between P05 and P50, while the concentrations of glutamine, creatinine, methanol, trimethylamine and myo-inositol were found to increase. The P05-P30 comparison was also significant for glutamine, creatinine, adenine, tyrosine, leucine, valine, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, while for the P30-P50 comparison we found significant differences for glutamine, myo-inositol, leucine and trimethylamine. None of these molecules showed at P30 concentrations outside the P05 –P50 range.

Bioavailability of Microencapsulated Iron from Fortified Bread Assessed Using Piglet Model

“…In several related studies, these methods have been found optimal for following the possible consequences of inflammation caused by exogenous agents [47,48,49]. Sixty-six molecules were quantified, mainly pertaining to amino acids, short chain fatty acids and organic acids.…”

A probiotic modulates the microbiome and immunity in multiple sclerosis

“…1 H‐NMR spectra were recorded at 298K with an AVANCE III spectrometer (Bruker, Milan, Italy) operating at a frequency of 600.13MHz. Following Ventrella et al, the signals from broad resonances originating from large molecules were suppressed by a CPMG filter composed by 400 echoes with a τ of 400 μs and a 180‐degree pulse of 24 μs, for a total filter of 330ms . The HOD residual signal was suppressed by means of presaturation.…”

“…Following Ventrella et al, the signals from broad resonances originating from large molecules were suppressed by a CPMG filter composed by 400 echoes with a s of 400 ls and a 180degree pulse of 24 ls, for a total filter of 330ms. 27 The HOD residual signal was suppressed by means of presaturation. This was done by using the cpmgpr1d sequence, part of the standard pulse sequence library.…”

Metabolomic analysis for the study of maturation in pediatrics: Effect of confounding factors in a pilot study

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“…Since there was little previous information available about the subject [2][3][4], performing this study was considered highly convenient before carrying out a larger one. In the spirit of keeping the animal usage down to a minimum, plasma samples collected from previous studies that were designed for other purposes-mainly blank samples for PK/PD studies-were employed.…”