Age of acquisition affects early orthographic processing during Chinese character recognition

Chen, Baoguo; Dent, Kevin; You, Wei; Guo-lai, WU

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.12.004

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our results accord with but go beyond previous reports (e.g., Walker and Scott, 1981; Donovan et al, 2004; Chen and Yeh, 2009; Klink et al, 2011) that auditory stimuli can impact significantly on judgments for the duration of co-occurring visual stimuli. The new findings extend previous work by showing that: (1) not only can incongruent auditory stimuli significantly impair objective visual performance, but congruent auditory stimuli can benefit visual duration judgments; (2) this applies for visual sensitivity ( d ′) to visual duration in signal-detection terms, rather than affecting mere response bias or criterion; (3) this impact of auditory duration on perception of visual duration depends on whether the audio–visual onsets are synchronous, being eliminated when the sounds lagged here; (4) it also depends on whether the auditory and visual events are similar in length, being reduced, or eliminated when the sounds are triple the duration of corresponding visual events.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Several crossmodal effects on subjective time perception in particular have been described (e.g., Walker and Scott, 1981; Donovan et al, 2004; Chen and Yeh, 2009; Klink et al, 2011). Chen and Yeh (2009) reported in an oddball paradigm that auditory stimuli can apparently extend reported visual duration, while visual stimuli had no such impact on reported auditory duration (see also Donovan et al, 2004; Klink et al, 2011; but see also van Wassenhove et al, 2008; Aaen-Stockdale et al, 2011 for alternative accounts).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen and Yeh (2009) reported in an oddball paradigm that auditory stimuli can apparently extend reported visual duration, while visual stimuli had no such impact on reported auditory duration (see also Donovan et al, 2004; Klink et al, 2011; but see also van Wassenhove et al, 2008; Aaen-Stockdale et al, 2011 for alternative accounts). But despite such suggestions of auditory influences on visual duration perception, to date it has typically been hard to establish whether such influences reflect response biases or instead genuine changes in visual sensitivity, in signal-detection terms (Macmillan and Creelman, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auditory Stimulus Timing Influences Perceived duration of Co-Occurring Visual Stimuli

Romei¹,

Haas²,

Mok³

et al. 2011

Front. Psychology

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There is increasing interest in multisensory influences upon sensory-specific judgments, such as when auditory stimuli affect visual perception. Here we studied whether the duration of an auditory event can objectively affect the perceived duration of a co-occurring visual event. On each trial, participants were presented with a pair of successive flashes and had to judge whether the first or second was longer. Two beeps were presented with the flashes. The order of short and long stimuli could be the same across audition and vision (audio–visual congruent) or reversed, so that the longer flash was accompanied by the shorter beep and vice versa (audio–visual incongruent); or the two beeps could have the same duration as each other. Beeps and flashes could onset synchronously or asynchronously. In a further control experiment, the beep durations were much longer (tripled) than the flashes. Results showed that visual duration discrimination sensitivity (d′) was significantly higher for congruent (and significantly lower for incongruent) audio–visual synchronous combinations, relative to the visual-only presentation. This effect was abolished when auditory and visual stimuli were presented asynchronously, or when sound durations tripled those of flashes. We conclude that the temporal properties of co-occurring auditory stimuli influence the perceived duration of visual stimuli and that this can reflect genuine changes in visual sensitivity rather than mere response bias.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Auditory Stimulus Timing Influences Perceived duration of Co-Occurring Visual Stimuli

Romei¹,

Haas²,

Mok³

et al. 2011

Front. Psychology

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“…Several studies on Chinese, as those conducted in Western languages, have shown that words typically learned at a younger age are processed faster than words acquired later in life in a number of different tasks, including lexical decision on written words [15,16,64,67], reading aloud [16,18,69], and semantic categorization [17,18,69]. It has also been suggested that AoA plays a role independently of word frequency both in lexical decision [64,67] and in reading aloud [34,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical-Semantic Variables Affecting Picture and Word Naming in Chinese: A Mixed Logit Model Study in Aphasia

Crepaldi

Che

Su³

et al. 2012

Behavioural Neurology

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Lexical-semantic variables (such as word frequency, imageability and age of acquisition) have been studied extensively in neuropsychology to address the structure of the word production system. The evidence available on this issue is still rather controversial, mainly because of the very complex interrelations between lexical-semantic variables. Moreover, it is not clear whether the results obtained in Indo-European languages also hold in languages with a completely different structure and script, such as Chinese. The objective of the present study is to investigate this specific issue by studying the effect of word frequency, imageability, age of acquisition, visual complexity of the stimuli to be named, grammatical class and morphological structure in word and picture naming in Chinese. The effect of these variables on naming and reading accuracy of healthy and brain-damaged individuals is evaluated using mixed-effect models, a statistical technique that allows to model both fixed and random effects; this feature substantially enhances the statistical power of the technique, so that several variables–and their complex interrelations–can be handled effectively in a unique analysis. We found that grammatical class interacts consistently across tasks with morphological structure: all participants, both healthy and brain-damaged, found simple nouns significantly easier to read and name than complex nouns, whereas simple and complex verbs were of comparable difficulty. We also found that imageability was a strong predictor in picture naming, but not in word naming, whereas the contrary held true for age of acquisition. These results are taken to indicate the existence of a morphological level of processing in the Chinese word production system, and that reading aloud may occur along a non-semantic route (either lexical or sub-lexical) in this language.

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“…Ghyselinck, Custers, and Brysbaert (2004) found AoA effects in a tachistoscopic presentation method, providing evidence to support the influence of AoA on the visual representation level. Chen et al (2009) also found AoA effects with Chinese stimuli in a visual duration threshold measurement, a lexical decision task, and a tachistoscopic presentation, suggesting that AoA effects also exist at the orthographic processing level in Chinese.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Age of acquisition affects the retrieval of grammatical category information

Bai

Dunlap

et al. 2013

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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This study investigated age of acquisition (AoA) effects on processing grammatical category information of Chinese single-character words. In Experiment 1, nouns and verbs that were acquired at different ages were used as materials in a grammatical category decision task. Results showed that the grammatical category information of earlier acquired nouns and verbs was easier to retrieve. In Experiment 2, AoA and predictability from orthography to grammatical category were manipulated in a grammatical category decision task. Results showed larger AoA effects under lower predictability conditions. In Experiment 3, a semantic category decision task was used with the same materials as those in Experiment 2. Different results were found from Experiment 2, suggesting that the grammatical category decision task is not merely the same as the semantic category decision task, but rather involves additional processing of grammatical category information. Therefore the conclusions of Experiments 1 and 2 were strengthened. In summary, it was found for the first time that AoA affects the retrieval of grammatical category information, thus providing new evidence in support of the arbitrary mapping hypothesis.

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Age of acquisition affects early orthographic processing during Chinese character recognition

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Auditory Stimulus Timing Influences Perceived duration of Co-Occurring Visual Stimuli

Auditory Stimulus Timing Influences Perceived duration of Co-Occurring Visual Stimuli

Lexical-Semantic Variables Affecting Picture and Word Naming in Chinese: A Mixed Logit Model Study in Aphasia

Age of acquisition affects the retrieval of grammatical category information

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