Age Influences the Outcome of a Slipping Perturbation During Initial But Not Repeated Exposures

Pavol, Michael J.; Runtz, Eileen F.; Edwards, Beatrice J.; Pai, Yi–Chung

doi:10.1093/gerona/57.8.m496

Cited by 94 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Numerous studies have been reported in which older adults subjected to slips using translating platforms. These studies have documented control of head and trunk motion [16]; initial "fall" incidence and ability to adapt [17]; postural responses and corrective balance strategy [18]. However, slips induced with translating platform limit the slipping foot motion to that allowed by the platform, whereas slips induced with slippery surfaces result in significant medially-and laterally-directed slipping foot motion [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable performance domain risk-factors associated with slip-related falls

et al. 2008

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable performance domain risk-factors associated with slip-related falls

et al. 2008

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“…These goals would provide clinicians with information about the importance of the visual system and usefulness of repeated balance perturbations for rehabilitation. We hypothesize that there would be a correlation between tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle activity and body movement and that this relationship might be affected by adaptation due to the online updating of motor performance Pavol et al, 2002) but should not be affected by the availability of visual information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation and vision change the relationship between muscle activity of the lower limbs and body movement during human balance perturbations

Patel

Gomez

Lush

et al. 2009

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Further, empirical results show that experience or repeated practice causes a task-specific adaptation (Erni and Dietz, 2001;Pavol et al, 2002;Pai et al, 2003). Most of those studies indicated an improvement in locomotion mechanics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and morphological properties of different muscle–tendon units in the lower extremity and running mechanics: effect of aging and physical activity

Karamanidis

Arampatzis

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

134

104

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SUMMARY The objectives of this work were (i) to investigate whether chronic endurance running is a sufficient stimulus to counteract the age-related changes in the mechanical and morphological properties of human triceps surae(TS) and quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle–tendon units (MTUs) by comparing runners and non-active subjects at different ages (young and old), (ii) to identify adaptational phenomena in running mechanics due to age-related changes in the mechanical and morphological properties of the TS and QF MTUs,and finally (iii) to examine whether chronic endurance-running exercise is associated with adaptational effects on running characteristics in old and young adults. The investigation was conducted on 30 old and 19 young adult males divided into two subgroups according to their running activity: endurance-runners vs non-active. To analyse the properties of the MTUs, all subjects performed isometric maximal voluntary (MVC) ankle plantarflexion and knee extension contractions at 11 different MTU lengths on a dynamometer. The activation of the TS and QF during MVC was estimated by surface electromyography. The gastrocnemius medialis and the vastus lateralis and their distal aponeuroses were visualized by ultrasonography at rest and during MVC, respectively. Ground reaction forces and kinematic data were recorded during running trials at 2.7 m s–1. The TS and QF MTU capacities were reduced with aging (lower muscle strength and lower tendon stiffness). Runners and non-active subjects had similar MTU properties, suggesting that chronic endurance-running exercise does not counteract the age-related degeneration of the MTUs. Runners showed a higher mechanical advantage for the QF MTU while running (lower gear ratio) compared to non-active subjects, indicating a task-specific adaptation even at old age. Older adults reacted to the reduced capacities of their MTUs by increasing running safety (higher duty factor, lower flight time) and benefitting from a mechanical advantage for the TS MTU, lower rate of force generation and force generation per meter distance. We suggest that the improvement in running mechanics in the older adults happens due to a perceptual motor recalibration and a feed-forward adaptation of the motor task aimed at decreasing the disparity between the reduced capacity of the MTUs and the running effort.

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Age Influences the Outcome of a Slipping Perturbation During Initial But Not Repeated Exposures

Cited by 94 publications

References 29 publications

Modifiable performance domain risk-factors associated with slip-related falls

Modifiable performance domain risk-factors associated with slip-related falls

Adaptation and vision change the relationship between muscle activity of the lower limbs and body movement during human balance perturbations

Mechanical and morphological properties of different muscle–tendon units in the lower extremity and running mechanics: effect of aging and physical activity

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