“…To use the steering property, where a linear combination of finite set of responses can be used to represent convolution at any orientation, a 1 × 1 convolution layer, working as a linear combination layer, is added to the output of the generated filters. For this layer, ten equally spaced fixed orientations are selected, working as basis filters: 9˚, 27˚, 45˚, 63˚, 81˚, 99˚, 117˚, 135˚, 153˚, and 171˚ [9].…”