Age differences in the behavioural economics of cannabis use: Do adolescents and adults differ on demand for cannabis and discounting of future reward?

Borissova, Anna; Soni, Siddhant; Aston, Elizabeth R.; Lees, Rachel; Petrilli, Kat; Wall, MB; Bloomfield, Michael; Mertzani, E; Paksina, A; Freeman, Tom P.; Mokrysz, Claire; Lawn, Will; Curran, H. Valerie

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109531

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 80 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…We speculate that adolescents may be more sensitive to the development of CUD than adults for a number of reasons, including greater disruption of interpersonal relationships, for example, with parents or teachers; a hyper plastic brain and a developing endocannabinoid system (Meyer et al, 2018); a more malleable social life and evolving sense of identity which can quickly shift towards cannabis use (Hammersley et al, 2001); potentially subtle differences in acute effects of cannabis (Mokrysz et al, 2016; Murray et al, 2022); a greater desire to binge on cannabis (Borissova et al, 2022); and a drive towards social attunement (Cousijn et al, 2018). However, research into the different profiles of adolescent and adult CUD, and the neuropsychopharmacological predictors of CUD onset in adolescents is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CannTeen Study: Cannabis use disorder, depression, anxiety, and psychotic-like symptoms in adolescent and adult cannabis users and age-matched controls

et al. 2022

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Background: Adolescence is characterised by psychological and neural development. Cannabis harms may be accentuated during adolescence. We hypothesised that adolescents would be more vulnerable to the associations between cannabis use and mental health and addiction problems than adults. Method: As part of the ‘CannTeen’ study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis. There were 274 participants: split into groups of adolescent users ( n = 76; 16–17 years old) and controls ( n = 63), and adult users ( n = 71; 26–29 years old) and controls ( n = 64). Among users, cannabis use frequency ranged from 1 to 7 days/week, while controls had 0–10 lifetime exposures to cannabis. Adolescent and adult cannabis users were matched on cannabis use frequency (mean=4 days/week). We measured Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Psychotomimetic States Inventory-adapted. Results: After adjustment for covariates, adolescent users were more likely to have severe CUD than adult users (odd ratio = 3.474, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.501–8.036). Users reported greater psychotic-like symptoms than controls ( b = 6.004, 95% CI = 1.211–10.796) and adolescents reported greater psychotic-like symptoms than adults ( b = 5.509, 95% CI = 1.070–9.947). User-group was not associated with depression or anxiety. No significant interactions between age-group and user-group were identified. Exploratory analyses suggested that cannabis users with severe CUD had greater depression and anxiety levels than cannabis users without severe CUD. Conclusion: Adolescent cannabis users are more likely than adult cannabis users to have severe CUD. Adolescent cannabis users have greater psychotic-like symptoms than adult cannabis users and adolescent controls, through an additive effect. There was no evidence of an amplified vulnerability to cannabis-related increases in subclinical depression, anxiety or psychotic-like symptoms in adolescence. However, poorer mental health was associated with the presence of severe CUD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CannTeen Study: Cannabis use disorder, depression, anxiety, and psychotic-like symptoms in adolescent and adult cannabis users and age-matched controls

et al. 2022

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Is Cannabis Use Associated with Motivation? A Review of Recent Acute and Non-Acute Studies

Skumlien,

Langley,

Sahakian

2023

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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Purpose of Review Cannabis use has been anecdotally linked with reduced motivation, sometimes referred to as the ‘amotivational syndrome’. In this review, we evaluate research on the association between acute and non-acute cannabis use and motivation assessed with questionnaire or behavioural task-based measures, focusing on studies published in the last 5 years. Recent Findings Of the five non-acute studies which used behavioural tasks to assess motivation, three found that cannabis use was associated with higher willingness to expend effort for reward, while the other two found no differences between cannabis users and controls. Only two acute studies have been published to date, both of which found that cannabis reduced participants’ willingness to expend effort for reward compared with placebo. Most self-report survey studies did not find any differences in motivational outcomes between cannabis users and controls, though there was evidence of an association between apathy and cannabis dependence. Summary While cannabis may lower motivation acutely, recent non-acute studies do not support claims of an amotivational syndrome in people who use cannabis. However, there is some evidence of an association between cannabis use disorder and apathy.

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Behavioral economic analysis of legal and illegal cannabis demand in Spanish young adults with hazardous and non-hazardous cannabis use

González-Roz,

Belisario,

Secades-Villa

et al. 2024

Addictive Behaviors

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Age differences in the behavioural economics of cannabis use: Do adolescents and adults differ on demand for cannabis and discounting of future reward?

Cited by 5 publications

References 80 publications

The CannTeen Study: Cannabis use disorder, depression, anxiety, and psychotic-like symptoms in adolescent and adult cannabis users and age-matched controls

The CannTeen Study: Cannabis use disorder, depression, anxiety, and psychotic-like symptoms in adolescent and adult cannabis users and age-matched controls

Is Cannabis Use Associated with Motivation? A Review of Recent Acute and Non-Acute Studies

Behavioral economic analysis of legal and illegal cannabis demand in Spanish young adults with hazardous and non-hazardous cannabis use

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