Age and anesthetic effects on murine electrocardiography

Chaves, Alysia; Dech, Spencer J.; Nakayama, Tomohiro; Hamlin, Robert L.; Bauer, John; Carnes, Cynthia A.

doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00137-1

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Ketamine/xylazine depresses cardiac function in young mice (39). In older mice, ketamine/xylazine or halothane anesthesia resulted in a higher heart rate, compared with younger mice, when a minimally effective dose was employed (16). The two anesthetic agents differentially altered various electrographic intervals, making it difficult to determine how aging affects anesthetic pharmacodynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in cardiac structure and function in Fischer 344 × Brown Norway hybrid rats

Hacker¹,

McKiernan²,

Douglas³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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The effects of aging on cardiovascular function and cardiac structure were determined in a rat model recommended for gerontological studies. A cross-sectional analysis assessed cardiac changes in male Fischer 344 ϫ Brown Norway F1 hybrid rats (FBN) from adulthood to the very aged (n ϭ 6 per 12-, 18-, 21-, 24-, 27-, 30-, 33-, 36-, and 39-mo-old group). Rats underwent echocardiographic and hemodynamic analyses to determine standard values for left ventricular (LV) mass, LV wall thickness, LV chamber diameter, heart rate, LV fractional shortening, mitral inflow velocity, LV relaxation time, and aortic/LV pressures. Histological analyses were used to assess LV fibrotic infiltration and cardiomyocyte volume density over time. Aged rats had an increased LV mass-to-body weight ratio and deteriorated systolic function. LV systolic pressure declined with age. Histological analysis demonstrated a gradual increase in fibrosis and a decrease in cardiomyocyte volume density with age. We conclude that, although significant physiological and morphological changes occurred in heart function and structure between 12 and 39 mo of age, these changes did not likely contribute to mortality. We report reference values for cardiac function and structure in adult FBN male rats through very old age at 3-mo intervals. hybrid rat; echocardiography CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION are remarkably similar among mammalian species, and the use of animal models has been extremely helpful in developing treatment strategies for alleviating heart disease in humans. Extending animal studies beyond young adult ages to very old ages may provide similar benefits to cardiovascular health of the growing aged population. In mammalian tissues, aging manifests as detrimental alterations in structure and function. Structural changes in the aging heart extend from cardiomyocyte cell loss, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, changes in ventricle chamber diameter, and collagen deposition (3, 13, 14), leading to overt functional changes such as lengthening of contraction and relaxation times and thus a decrease in heart rate (15), decreases in fractional shortening, decreased LV end-systolic pressure (15, 33), and reduced cardiac output. These normal aging changes do not necessarily contribute to morbidity but are clearly associated with the general decline observed with aging.The Fischer 344 (F344) rat has been a standard model of aging with an extensive database on this genotype (29). Even though the F344 rat has been widely used in research, concerns have been raised whether this specific strain is appropriate for all gerontological studies because of its overuse and some severe age-related pathologies (53). The National Institute on Aging and the National Center for Toxicological Research responded to these concerns and found that, among others, the Fischer 344 ϫ Brown Norway F1 hybrid rat (FBN) would complement the F344 aging studies (53). The FBN rat had significantly fewer pathological lesions compared with the F344 and a greater mean age for 50% mortality...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in cardiac structure and function in Fischer 344 × Brown Norway hybrid rats

Hacker¹,

McKiernan²,

Douglas³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…ECG recordings were obtained from mice as previously described [27][28][29]. Mice over-expressing CSQ D307H (n = 8) and their wild-type littermates (n = 8) were anesthetized with isoflurane (1-1.5%) at minimum effective concentrations, and placed on a heating pad (Braintree Scientific, Inc.) to maintain normothermia.…”

Section: Ecg Monitoring and Induction Of Arrhythmiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A mutation in calsequestrin, CASQ2D307H, impairs Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ handling and causes complex ventricular arrhythmias in mice

Dirksen

Lacombe

Chi

et al. 2007

Cardiovascular Research

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“…injection for 4 wk. The animals were conscious when tested to prevent any ECG modification by anesthesia (24). Under these conditions, heart rate and RR interval spectra were comparable in the M2‐G19K and FMDV groups at baseline as well as after administration of NaCl 0.9% (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on heart rate of an anti‐M2 acetylcholine receptor immune response in mice

Peter¹,

Tugler

Eftekhari

et al. 2005

FASEB j.

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Autoantibodies in vitro modulating the M2 acetylcholine receptor (M2ACh-R) were observed in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) or Chagas' cardiomyopathy (ChC). We investigated the in vivo consequences on heart rate of such antibodies in mice immunized with a peptide derived from the second extracellular loop of the M2ACh-R compared with mice immunized with an irrelevant peptide. Sera of mice immunized with the M2ACh-R-derived peptide recognized the M2ACh-R on immunoblots and enhanced agonist activity of carbachol toward the M2AChR transfected in CHO cells. In vivo, no difference could be shown in heart rate or heart rate variability between the two groups of mice. The decrease in heart rate induced by carbachol was more pronounced, however, in the M2ACh-R immunized mice. The increase in heart rate induced by atropine, gallamine, and isoproterenol was significantly attenuated in the M2ACh-R immunized mice. Analysis of heart rate variability further argued for an increased parasympathetic response to different drugs in the M2ACh-R immunized mice. Antibodies raised against the M2AChR can behave as positive M2AChR allosteric modulators in vivo. They might be protective in boosting the activity of the parasympathetic drive to the heart, especially in patients with a high sympathetic tone.

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Age and anesthetic effects on murine electrocardiography

Cited by 37 publications

References 33 publications

Age-related changes in cardiac structure and function in Fischer 344 × Brown Norway hybrid rats

Age-related changes in cardiac structure and function in Fischer 344 × Brown Norway hybrid rats

A mutation in calsequestrin, CASQ2D307H, impairs Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ handling and causes complex ventricular arrhythmias in mice

Effects on heart rate of an anti‐M2 acetylcholine receptor immune response in mice

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