African swine fever: Why the situation in Germany is not comparable to that in the Czech Republic or Belgium

Sauter‐Louis, Carola; Schulz, Katja; Richter, Michael; Staubach, Christoph; Mettenleiter, Thomas C.; Conraths, Franz J.

doi:10.1111/tbed.14231

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Ten months later, in September 2020, the neighboring area across the border in Germany recorded the first ASF case in wild boar [6]. Both the vicinity of cases to the German-Polish border and their clustering suggest several independent incursions into Germany [94]. Together with sequence data of the complete viral genome obtained for several ASFV strains, this illustrates that there exists a transboundary epidemic affecting western Poland and Germany.…”

Section: Baltic States Poland and Germanymentioning

confidence: 77%

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African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review

Sauter‐Louis

Conraths

Probst

et al. 2021

Viruses

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110

114

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The introduction of genotype II African swine fever (ASF) virus, presumably from Africa into Georgia in 2007, and its continuous spread through Europe and Asia as a panzootic disease of suids, continues to have a huge socio-economic impact. ASF is characterized by hemorrhagic fever leading to a high case/fatality ratio in pigs. In Europe, wild boar are especially affected. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge on ASF in wild boar in Europe. The current ASF panzootic is characterized by self-sustaining cycles of infection in the wild boar population. Spill-over and spill-back events occur from wild boar to domestic pigs and vice versa. The social structure of wild boar populations and the spatial behavior of the animals, a variety of ASF virus (ASFV) transmission mechanisms and persistence in the environment complicate the modeling of the disease. Control measures focus on the detection and removal of wild boar carcasses, in which ASFV can remain infectious for months. Further measures include the reduction in wild boar density and the limitation of wild boar movements through fences. Using these measures, the Czech Republic and Belgium succeeded in eliminating ASF in their territories, while the disease spread in others. So far, no vaccine is available to protect wild boar or domestic pigs reliably against ASF.

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Section: Baltic States Poland and Germanymentioning

confidence: 77%

“…These control measures were implemented at different intensities for at least 10 or 14 months, respectively, before these countries submitted their self-declaration of freedom of ASF to the OIE. Fencing may also be applied to prevent the migration of potentially infected wild boar across national borders [94].…”

Section: Asf Control In Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review

Sauter‐Louis

Conraths

Probst

et al. 2021

Viruses

Self Cite

110

114

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“…We use the official case data for Germany covering all cases from 10th September 2020 to 9th July 2021 from the national animal disease database (Tierseuchennachrichtensystem) [35]. Being in the early phase of the outbreaks, the data can be separated into clusters [13], which are shown in Figure 1. In this paper, we will analyze one representative cluster in detail (Cluster 1), for reasons of clarity.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, and despite ongoing control efforts as well as intensive study of disease dynamics, ASF has been moving predominantly in western direction, affecting many more EU countries [11]. Among them, in 2020, ASF has also reached Germany [12], where the disease continues to spread in initially distinct spatial clusters [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diffusion Metrics of African Swine Fever in Wild Boar

Lentz¹,

Bergmann²,

Conraths³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To control African Swine Fever (ASF) efficiently, easily interpretable metrics of the outbreak dynamics are needed to plan and adapt the required measures. We found that the spread pattern of African Swine Fever cases in wild boar follows the mechanics of a diffusion process, at least in the early phase, for the cases that occurred in Germany. Following incursion into a previously unaffected area, infection disseminates locally within a naive and abundant wild boar population. Using real case data for Germany, we derive statistics about the time differences and distances between consecutive case reports. With the use of these statistics, we generate an ensemble of random walkers (continuous time random walks, CTRW) that resemble the properties of the observed outbreak pattern as one possible realization of all possible disease dissemination patterns. The trained random walker ensemble yields the diffusion constant, the affected area, and the outbreak velocity of early ASF spread in wild boar. These quantities are easy to interpret, robust, and may be generalized or adapted to different regions. Therefore, diffusion metrics can be useful descriptors of early disease dynamics and help facilitate efficient control of African Swine Fever.

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“…Excluding Sardinia, from 2014 up to December 2020, there have been 6037 ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs in the EU and 39,970 ASF notifications in wild boar across 12 EU countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia) [3]. Only Belgium and the Czech Republic, both with only wild boar affected, have regained an ASF-free status [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Swine Fever Survey in a European Context

et al. 2022

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African swine fever (ASF) is currently the most threatening disease for domestic and wild pigs worldwide. Wild boar has been the main affected species in all EU countries except for Romania, where most notifications occur in domestic pigs. The spread of ASF in wild boar is challenging to control; risk factors are harder to identify and establish than in domestic pigs, which, together with an underestimation of the disease and the lack of treatment or an effective vaccine, are hindering control and eradication efforts. We distributed two online questionnaires, one for domestic pigs and one for wild boar, to experts of different background and countries in Europe, to explore risk factors in relation to ASF control connected to farming, hunting, trade, the environment, and domestic pig and wild boar populations. Overall, wild boar movements were estimated to pose the highest risk of ASF introduction and spread. The movement of pork and pork products for own consumption also ranked high. Here we explored, in addition to the assessment of risk pathways, the identification of risks of transmission at the domestic/wild boar interface, the importance of biosecurity practices and improved control efforts, and controversial opinions that require further attention.

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African swine fever: Why the situation in Germany is not comparable to that in the Czech Republic or Belgium

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review

African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review

The Diffusion Metrics of African Swine Fever in Wild Boar

African Swine Fever Survey in a European Context

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