“…Socio-cultural norms in sub-Saharan countries, such as Zambia, limit women's control over sexual activities and exposure (Needs Assessment Survey report, Lusaka, Zambia, unpublished report; Parish . Additional factors such as biological/gender characteristics, poverty and occupational hazards in an overburdened healthcare system further enhance these nurses' risk of contracting HIV/AIDS (Kopolo Munjanja et al 2005; Needs Assessment Survey report, Lusaka, Zambia, unpublished report ;Parish 2005). Consequently, illness, absenteeism and death related to HIV/AIDS are becoming more prevalent among nurses (Kopolo Munjanja et al 2005; Needs Assessment Survey report, Lusaka, Zambia, unpublished report).…”