Aflibercept: A review of its effect on the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration

Papadopoulos, Zois

doi:10.1177/1120672119832432

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These findings together concur to demonstrate that among the inhibitors of the uPAR system, UPARANT may be regarded as a significant step forward in the development of new strategies aimed at counteracting eye pathologies characterized by angiogenic/inflammatory profiles as also discussed in a recent paper by Papadopoulos [152].…”

Section: Inhibition Of the Upar Systemsupporting

confidence: 78%

The uPAR System as a Potential Therapeutic Target in the Diseased Eye

Cammalleri

Monte

Pavone

et al. 2019

Cells

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Dysregulation of vascular networks is characteristic of eye diseases associated with retinal cell degeneration and visual loss. Visual impairment is also the consequence of photoreceptor degeneration in inherited eye diseases with a major inflammatory component, but without angiogenic profile. Among the pathways with high impact on vascular/degenerative diseases of the eye, a central role is played by a system formed by the ligand urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR. The uPAR system, although extensively investigated in tumors, still remains a key issue in vascular diseases of the eye and even less studied in inherited retinal pathologies such as retinitis pigmantosa (RP). Its spectrum of action has been extended far beyond a classical pro-angiogenic function and has emerged as a central actor in inflammation. Preclinical studies in more prevalent eye diseases characterized by neovascular formation, as in retinopathy of prematurity, wet macular degeneration and rubeosis iridis or vasopermeability excess as in diabetic retinopathy, suggest a critical role of increased uPAR signaling indicating the potentiality of its modulation to counteract neovessel formation and microvascular dysfunction. The additional observation that the uPAR system plays a major role in RP by limiting the inflammatory cascade triggered by rod degeneration rises further questions about its role in the diseased eye.

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Section: Inhibition Of the Upar Systemsupporting

confidence: 78%

The uPAR System as a Potential Therapeutic Target in the Diseased Eye

Cammalleri

Monte

Pavone

et al. 2019

Cells

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“…Coupled to a light-activatable photosensitizer, such VEGFR-2-targeted nanobodies have recently been shown to enhance photodynamic therapy in VEGFR-2-expressing cells in vitro [253]. However, much like other clinically approved anti-angiogenic antibodies directed against VEGF, such as bevacizumab [254], aflibercept [255] or ranibizumab [256], VEGFR-2 targeted drugs are not selective for the vasculature, as VEGFR-2 expression is not limited to ECs. In fact, pancreatic duct cells, retinal progenitor cells, megakaryocytes and different cancer cells are known to express VEGFR-2 as well [257].…”

Section: Ec Targeting By Antibodies and Nanobodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Endothelial Cells: Heterogeneity and Targeting Approaches

Hennigs

Matuszcak

Trepel³

et al. 2021

Cells

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Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall passage of nutrients and diffusion of oxygen from the blood into adjacent cellular structures. ECs regulate vascular tone and blood coagulation as well as adhesion and transmigration of circulating cells. The multitude of EC functions is reflected by tremendous cellular diversity. Vascular ECs can form extremely tight barriers, thereby restricting the passage of xenobiotics or immune cell invasion, whereas, in other organ systems, the endothelial layer is fenestrated (e.g., glomeruli in the kidney), or discontinuous (e.g., liver sinusoids) and less dense to allow for rapid molecular exchange. ECs not only differ between organs or vascular systems, they also change along the vascular tree and specialized subpopulations of ECs can be found within the capillaries of a single organ. Molecular tools that enable selective vascular targeting are helpful to experimentally dissect the role of distinct EC populations, to improve molecular imaging and pave the way for novel treatment options for vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of endothelial diversity and highlights the most successful methods for selective targeting of distinct EC subpopulations.

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“…Although they are currently aimed at treating mainly retinal neovascular diseases, their use is expanding rapidly to other ocular diseases [ 18 – 20 ]. However, anti-VEGF therapy has two significant drawbacks: the first aims at treating chronic diseases with periods of activity that may last for several years and second, the short intravitreal half-life of the main available agents calls for repeated treatments to maintain efficacy [ 14 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Posterior Capsular Rupture during Phacoemulsification in Patients with the History of Anti-VEGF Intravitreal Injections: Results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study (PACORES) Group

Vélez-Montoya

Sanchez-Santos

Galván-Chávez

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To assess the risk for capsular rupture during routine phacoemulsification in patients with a history of anti-VEGF injections and other possible risk modifiers such as treatment patterns, type of anti-VEGF agent, and experience of the surgeon, among others. Methods. This study reviewed the medical records of 11,129 patients from 7 different hospitals in 5 countries. The study included 939 patients that underwent routine phacoemulsification and had a history of anti-VEGF therapy. We excluded patients with known risk factors for capsular rupture, as well as patients with a history of other retinal procedures. The study extracted data regarding general demographics, the number of previous injections, type of anti-VEGF agent, details of cataract surgery, and anti-VEGF treatment patterns. Results. Overall prevalence of posterior capsular rupture: 7.45% (95% CI: 5.9–9.32%). The mean number of injections per patient was 3.37 ± 2.8. More than 50% of the patients received their last anti-VEGF injection within three months before cataract surgery. The complication rate during intravitreal injections was 1.07%. In the univariate analysis, the experience of the cataract surgeon (inexperience surgeons; OR: 2.93) and the history of prior anti-VEGF therapy (OR: 1.77) were significant risk indicators for PCR ( p < 0.05 ). However, after controlling for age in the multivariate analysis, the trend did not reach a statistical significance. Conclusion. The risk for capsular rupture is higher in patients with a history of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections.

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Aflibercept: A review of its effect on the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

The uPAR System as a Potential Therapeutic Target in the Diseased Eye

The uPAR System as a Potential Therapeutic Target in the Diseased Eye

Vascular Endothelial Cells: Heterogeneity and Targeting Approaches

Risk of Posterior Capsular Rupture during Phacoemulsification in Patients with the History of Anti-VEGF Intravitreal Injections: Results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study (PACORES) Group

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