Aflatoxins in Poultry Nutrition

Hossein, Ahmed; Gürbüz, Yavuz

doi:10.18016/ksujns.98227

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…AFB 1 also affect laying hens; losses are pronounced regarding reduced egg production and egg quality as a result of contamination with aflatoxin residues in eggs and muscles. Feed to egg AFB 1 transmission ratio is approximately 5 000:1 [74]. A substantial percentage of the egg samples (28%) showed AFB 1 levels (0.79 ± 0.45 μg kg −1 ) in commercial eggs [77].…”

Section: Effects On Poultrymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hussain et al reported experimental birds intoxicated with 400-800 μg kg −1 AFB 1 showed depression, ruffled feathers, watery feces, decrease in water and feed consumption, and nervous signs as torticollis and mortality [71]. Trebak et al reported listlessness, anorexia [72]; other symptoms include poor feed utilization, stunted growth, decrease weight gain [73,74]; reduced egg weight and production. High levels of aflatoxins in broilers and turkeys cause hepatomegaly, fatty degeneration, fatty liver, bile conduct proliferation, periportal fibrosis, renal petechiations, tubular nephrosis, interstitial nephritis, and splenic atrophy [67,75].…”

Section: Effects On Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Focus on Aflatoxins in Feedstuffs: Levels of Contamination, Prevalence, Control Strategies, and Impacts on Animal Health

Alvarado¹,

Zamora-Sanabria²,

FabioGranados-Chinchilla³

2017

Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks

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Aflatoxins are mold-synthetized secondary metabolites that are ubiquitously present in agricultural commodities, such as cereals which in turn are substantial part of feed formulation. These toxins are capable of causing disease, exert severe toxic effects, and even death in humans and other animals. Aflatoxins are the only mycotoxins with the regulatory framework, hence we present the legal threshold uphold till now by international and regional control organizations. Additionally, herein we discuss worldwide prevalence of aflatoxins in feeds to demonstrate a global issue and major risks involved in toxin contamination. Furthermore, we present recent data regarding negative effects usually presented by food-producing and companionship animals when ingested. Also, we discuss briefly practical approaches to mitigate aflatoxin burden during feed processing focusing in Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) and we include novel approaches reported in literature to decontaminate feedcontaining aflatoxins. Finally, we cite the literature so far published describing the effects of changing climate on aflatoxin production and contamination.

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Section: Effects On Poultrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Effects On Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Focus on Aflatoxins in Feedstuffs: Levels of Contamination, Prevalence, Control Strategies, and Impacts on Animal Health

Alvarado¹,

Zamora-Sanabria²,

FabioGranados-Chinchilla³

2017

Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks

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“…Even with the fast absorption, aflatoxin B1 showed detrimental effects on the gut epithelia in broilers, increasing gut permeability, reducing apparent ileal digestible energy, and reducing standardized nitrogen and amino acids digestibility [90]. When broilers were fed with AFB1 contamined diets, birds showed a reduction in the intestinal density [91]. Diet with 1 mg AFB1/kg for 4 weeks promoted necrosis in the crop, and catarrhal enteritis with lymphocytic or mononuclear cell infiltrations in the intestine of chickens [84].…”

Section: Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Factors as Triggers of Low-Grade Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Poultry

Pont¹,

Farnell²,

Farnell³

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Inflammation is the reaction of the immune system to an injury; it is aimed at the recovery and repair of damaged tissue. The inflammatory response can be beneficial to the animal since it will reestablish tissue homeostasis if well regulated. However, if it is not controlled, inflammation might lead to a chronic response with a subsequent loss of tissue function. The intestine is constantly exposed to a number of environmental triggers that stimulate inflammation and lead to a reduction in performance. The diet and dietary components constitute consistent inflammatory triggers in poultry. Dietary components, such as anti-nutritional compounds, oxidized lipids, mycotoxins, and excess of soluble fiber or protein, are all capable of inducing a low-grade inflammatory response in the intestine of broilers throughout a 5-week grow-out period. We hypothesized that dietary factor-induced chronic intestinal inflammation is a key driver of the lower performance and higher incidence of intestinal problems observed in poultry production. Therefore, this review was aimed at exploring feed-induced chronic inflammation in poultry, the constituents of the diet that might act as inflammatory triggers and the possible effects of chronic intestinal inflammation on the poultry industry.

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“…Pada ayam pedaging, aflatoksin B1 akan mempengaruhi pada sistem imun, pertumbuhan dan saluran pencernaan, sedangkan pada ayam petelur menurunkan produksi telur dan daya tetas (Alhousein & Gurbuz 2015). Tantangan terbesar mikotoksikosis pada unggas adalah gejala klinis bersifat non-spesifik sehingga sangat menyulitkan diagnosis dan masalah dalam mengambil tindakan yang tepat.…”

Section: Dampak Mikotoksin Pada Kesehatan Ternakunclassified

“…Rocha et al (2014) menyatakan bahwa mikotosin merupakan zat yang bersifat karsinogenik. Aflatoksin memiliki sifat onkogenik dan imunosupresif, serta akan menginduksi infeksi pada manusia yang terkontaminasi zat ini (Alhousein & Gurbuz 2015). Sifat ini berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam meningkatkan risiko kanker hati (hepato-carcinogenic) pada manusia, terutama hubungannya dengan infeksi virus hepatitis B (VHB) kronis Wild & Gong 2009).…”

Section: Dampak Mikotoksin Pada Kesehatan Manusiaunclassified

Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

Martindah¹,

Bahri²

2017

WARTAZOA

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Mycotoxins contamination in animal feed is harmful to livestock and leads to residues, such as aflatoxin and its metabolites (aflatoxin M1, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin Q1 and aflatoxin P1) which are deposited in meat, milk, and eggs. The existence of mycotoxins has been widespread; and mycotoxin is the most important contaminant in the food chain because it has implications for human health. Mold growth and mycotoxin production mainly depend on the weather, such as warm temperatures (28-31°C) and high humidity (60-90%). Some types of mold can produce more than one type of mycotoxin and some mycotoxins can be produced by more than one species of fungi. Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, and T2 toxin present in feed and feedstuffs that have to be controlled. Mycotoxins are not only harmful to the health of consumers, but will also reduce the quality of the product that is contaminated, and cause economic losses. The risk of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed could be reduced by inhibiting the mould growth and toxin production, through crop rotation, using proper fungicides, and applying regulation of mycotoxins maximum limit in feed and food in order to prevent any danger to public health. Key words: Mycotoxin, food chain, health, animal, human ABSTRAKCemaran mikotoksin dalam pakan ternak selain membahayakan kesehatan ternak juga menimbulkan residu, misalnya aflatoksin dan metabolitnya (aflatoksin M1, aflatoksikol, aflatoksin Q1 dan aflatoksin P1) dapat terdeposit pada daging, susu dan telur. Keberadaan mikotoksin telah meluas; dan mikotoksin merupakan kontaminan yang paling penting pada rantai makanan, karena berimplikasi bagi kesehatan manusia. Pertumbuhan kapang dan produksi mikotoksin terutama disebabkan oleh kondisi cuaca, seperti suhu yang hangat (28-31°C) dan kelembaban tinggi (60-90%). Beberapa jenis kapang dapat memproduksi lebih dari satu jenis mikotoksin dan beberapa mikotoksin diproduksi oleh lebih dari satu spesies kapang. Kandungan mikotoksin, khususnya aflatoksin, fumonisin, zearalenon, okratoksin, deoksinivalenol dan toksin T2 terdapat pada komoditas bahan pakan dan pakan sehingga perlu mendapat perhatian untuk dikendalikan. Mikotoksin tidak hanya berbahaya bagi kesehatan konsumen, tetapi juga akan menurunkan kualitas produk yang terkontaminasi sehingga menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar. Risiko kontaminasi mikotoksin pada pakan dapat dikurangi dengan menghambat pertumbuhan jamur dan produksi mikotoksin, rotasi tanaman, penggunaan fungisida dengan tepat dan penerapan regulasi batas maksimum mikotoksin pada pakan dan pangan guna mencegah bahaya lebih lanjut bagi kesehatan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Mikotoksin, rantai makanan, kesehatan, ternak, manusia PENDAHULUANMikotoksin adalah metabolit sekunder produk dari kapang berfilamen, dimana dalam beberapa situasi, dapat berkembang pada makanan yang berasal dari tumbuhan maupun dari hewan. Fusarium sp, Aspergillus sp dan Penicillium sp merupakan jenis kapang yang paling umum menghasilkan racun mi...

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Aflatoxins in Poultry Nutrition

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

A Focus on Aflatoxins in Feedstuffs: Levels of Contamination, Prevalence, Control Strategies, and Impacts on Animal Health

A Focus on Aflatoxins in Feedstuffs: Levels of Contamination, Prevalence, Control Strategies, and Impacts on Animal Health

Dietary Factors as Triggers of Low-Grade Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Poultry

Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

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