Aflatoxin B1-induced epigenetic alterations: An overview

Dai, Yaqi; Huang, Kunlun; Zhang, Boyang; Zhu, Liye; Xu, Wentao

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.034

Cited by 127 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Additional studies revealed that individuals with mutations in enzymes involved in the metabolism of aflatoxin are more likely to have detectable levels of serum aflatoxin adducts and up to a 77‐fold increased risk of HCC, an example of gene‐environment interaction . Aflatoxin has also been associated with hypomethylation and up‐regulation of numerous genes, including thioredoxin reductase 1, which decreases expression of enzymes necessary for the detoxification of aflatoxin, thereby enabling an increase in aflatoxin adducts . Other hypomethylated genes include proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin K, both of which are involved in DNA repair.…”

Section: Past Studies On the Environmental Causes Of Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(20) Aflatoxin has also been associated with hypomethylation and up-regulation of numerous genes, including thioredoxin reductase 1, which decreases expression of enzymes necessary for the detoxification of aflatoxin, thereby enabling an increase in aflatoxin adducts. (21) Other hypomethylated genes include proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin K, both of which are involved in DNA repair.…”

Section: The History Of Aflatoxin and Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studying the Exposome to Understand the Environmental Determinants of Complex Liver Diseases

Cheung¹,

Walker²,

Juran³

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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Section: Past Studies On the Environmental Causes Of Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The History Of Aflatoxin and Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Exposome to Understand the Environmental Determinants of Complex Liver Diseases

Cheung¹,

Walker²,

Juran³

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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“…Several researchers have reported that cereals are frequently contaminated by mycotoxins, through pervasive mycotoxigenic fungi that proliferate in them pre‐ and post harvest . These mycotoxins are toxic but stable secondary compounds produced by toxigenic fungal strains are known to have adverse effects on health . Mycotoxins are small, odourless molecules, able to induce toxic effects even at low concentrations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sub-Saharan African perspective on mycotoxins in beer - a review

2019

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Beer is an alcoholic beverage made from a cereal grain extract and is widely consumed in sub-Saharan Africa and the world at large. However, beer consumption could expose consumers to mycotoxins. In this review, we appraised the different mycotoxins associated with beer contamination, elucidating their structures and incidence in cereals involved in beer production. The common mycotoxins that are found within the brewing process are reviewed. These include aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), fumonisin (FB), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON), which are the prime contaminants in beer produced in sub-Saharan Africa. Residual levels of <20% of AFB 1 , OTA and FB 2 together with the transformation of ZEA (into a less toxic compound β-zearalenol) can be achieved during the production of beers originating from Europe/America, while >50% of DON and higher ratios of FB 1 can be recovered in finished beer. Adsorption is the major means of mycotoxin removal during beer production. In contrast, traditional African beer processes show no significant efficient removal of mycotoxins. This is because the prevailing environmental conditions during beer production are favourable to mycotoxigenic fungal proliferation. This subsequently leads to relatively high concentration of mycotoxins in freshly processed beer, with a possible increase during the beer shelf-life owing to the absence of appropriate microbial stabilisation treatments in the finished processed beer.

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“…Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of certain mold strains including Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus which hurt humans and animals by DNA degradation [2] and epigenetic alterations [3], lipid peroxidation [4], disturbance in biochemical processes [5], tumorigenesis and hypotoxicity [6]; [4]. Disturbance in the antigen presenting capacity of dendritic cells [7], alterations in inflammatory responses [8], a reduction in cytokinin synthesis [9], changes in the activity level of macrophages and neutrophils, lymphocytes disturbance, and reduced effectiveness of vaccination [10] are among changes observed in the immune system of organisms treated with aflatoxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%