Aerosol Ion Characteristics During the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study

Lee, Taehyoung; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Collett, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2004.10470927

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several field experiments were designed and conducted to investigate the chemical composition of PM 2.5 aerosol and the concentrations of trace gases (HNO 3 , NH 3 and SO 2 ) at monitoring locations for the IMPROVE program from the late 1990's through 2010 ( Aerosol composition measured at these sites has previously been reported (Yu et al, 2005b(Yu et al, , 2006Lee et al, 2004Lee et al, , 2008a. In addition, a series of yearlong intensive measurements were made in Rocky Mountain National Park (November 2008-October 2009, daily), Boulder, WY (December 2006-December 2010, 3 and 4-day average), and Brush and Loveland, CO (December 2008-November 2009.…”

Section: In Situ Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric ammonia and particulate inorganic nitrogen over the United States

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We use in situ observations from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network, the Midwest Ammonia Monitoring Project, 11 surface site campaigns as well as Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite measurements with the GEOS-Chem model to investigate inorganic aerosol loading and atmospheric ammonia concentrations over the United States. IASI observations suggest that current ammonia emissions are underestimated in California and in the springtime in the Midwest. In California this underestimate likely drives the underestimate in nitrate formation in the GEOSChem model. However in the remaining continental United States we find that the nitrate simulation is biased high (normalized mean bias > = 1.0) year-round, except in Spring (due to the underestimate in ammonia in this season). None of the uncertainties in precursor emissions, the uptake efficiency of N 2 O 5 on aerosols, OH concentrations, the reaction rate for the formation of nitric acid, or the dry deposition velocity of nitric acid are able to explain this bias. We find that reducing nitric acid concentrations to 75 % of their simulated values corrects the bias in nitrate (as well as ammonium) in the US. However the mechanism for this potential reduction is unclear and may be a combination of errors in chemistry, deposition and sub-grid near-surface gradients. This "updated" simulation reproduces PM and ammonia loading and captures the strong seasonal and spatial gradients in gas-particle partitioning across the United States. We estimate that nitrogen makes up 15-35 % of inorganic fine PM mass over the US, and that this fraction is likely to increase in the coming decade, both with decreases in sulfur emissions and increases in ammonia emissions.

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Section: In Situ Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric ammonia and particulate inorganic nitrogen over the United States

et al. 2012

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“…At high temperature, most of the ammonium nitrate will dissociate and exist as gaseous nitric acid and ammonia [7] . The observed seasonal change of the ammonium and nitrate in the fine particles are in accordance with the seasonal change of ambient temperature.…”

Section: Concentrations and Compositions Of Ions In Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaseous nitric acid (HNO 3 ) can react with sea-salt particles to form coarse mode sodium nitrate. While nitrate formed by reaction of HNO 3 with NH 3 is in fine particles, NH 4 NO 3 is volatile and likely dissociates to gaseous HNO 3 and NH 3 at low relative humidity (RH) and high temperature [7] . It was found that the fine mode NH 4 NO 3 increased greatly in recent years in east Asia due to the increasing emissions of anthropogenic pollutants and the decreasing concentration of coarse particles [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variations of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Shanghai

Feng

Guan

2010

J. Shanghai Univ.(Engl. Ed.)

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Thirty-six daily time interval PM2.5 samples were collected in different seasonal dates in urban Shanghai, and the concentrations of four anions (Cl − , NO − 3 , SO 2− 4 , C2O 2− 4 ) and five cations (NH + 4 , Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) were analyzed with ion chromatography. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were found to be the dominant species, accounting for about 80% of the total ions. The daily nitrate to sulfate mass ratio ranged from 0.31 to 0.82, indicating that coal combustion was still the main pollution source in Shanghai. The equivalent ratio of ammonium to sum of nitrate and sulfate showed fixed diurnal variation pattern in all the sampling days with higher values in the nighttime, suggesting that fine particles in the night were more neutralized. The oxalate to sulfate ratio was lower in the winter sampling days than that in hotter summer and autumn sampling days. Oxalate was significantly correlated with sulfate in winter sampling days, but not in the summer and autumn, suggesting that the formation mechanism of oxalate and sulfate was similar in winter, however different in hot days.

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“…The filters were allowed to equilibrate at 22 o C and 35% RH for 24 hours prior to weighing. After weighing, exposed Teflon filters were extracted in deionized water and analyzed by ion chromatography for determination of particulate sulfate [50]. Before sampling the quartz filters were baked in air at 550°C for at least six hours to remove any residual carbon.…”

Section: Dilution Samplermentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Modeling of Volatile Particle Emissions from Military Aircraft

Robinson¹

2011

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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEPrescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Department of Defense, Executive Services and Communications Directorate (0704-0188). Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ORGANIZATION. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER Experiments were performed to characterize the atmospheric evolution of volatile particulate matter emissions from military aircraft engines including CFM56-family and T63 gas-turbine engines. The data were used to develop parameterizations for use in chemical transport models to predict the contribution of aircraft to ambient fine particulate matter. A significant fraction of the particulate matter emissions is semivolatile at atmospheric conditions. Therefore, a traditional emissions factor cannot be used to represent military aircraft particulate matter emissions in inventories and models. Instead, one must measure the total emissions rate of semivolatile species and the volatility distribution of the emissions. The smog chamber experiments demonstrated that photo-oxidation creates substantial secondary particulate matter, greatly exceeding (by as much as a factor of 60) the direct particulate emissions after an hour or less of aging at typical summertime conditions. Therefore secondary particulate matter production must be accounted for in order to assess the contribution of military aircraft emissions to urban and regional air pollution. AUTHOR(S) PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)aircraft; emissions; air pollution; fine particulate matter; PM2.5; atmospheric chemistry; secondary organic aerosol Reset

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Aerosol Ion Characteristics During the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study

Abstract: The ionic compositions of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter Յ2.5 m (PM 2.5 ) and size-resolved aerosol particles were measured in Big Bend National Park, Texas, during the 1999 Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational study.

Cited by 38 publications

References 15 publications

Atmospheric ammonia and particulate inorganic nitrogen over the United States

Atmospheric ammonia and particulate inorganic nitrogen over the United States

Diurnal variations of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Shanghai

Measurement and Modeling of Volatile Particle Emissions from Military Aircraft

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