Aerobic mineralization of vinyl chloride by a bacterium of the order Actinomycetales

Abstract

A gram-positive branched bacterium isolated from a trichloroethylene-degrading consortium mineralized vinyl chloride in growing cultures and cell suspensions. Greater than 67% of the [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride was mineralized to carbon dioxide, with approximately 10% of the radioactivity appearing in cell biomass and another 10% appearing in 14C-aqueous-phase products.

Humic Acids as Electron Acceptors for Anaerobic Microbial Oxidation of Vinyl Chloride and Dichloroethene

“…Because the sediment samples used in this study were collected from a streambed environment characterized by a high content of natural organic material (2.5% dry mass organic content) and saturated with humic acid-laden black water, and because humic acids are capable of serving as electron acceptors for the oxidation of naturally occurring organic acids (19), we hypothesized that the presence of naturally occurring humic acids may stimulate the anaerobic mineralization of VC. To test this hypothesis, a microcosm experiment was initiated with fresh, bed sediment material in order to compare the mineralization of [ This observation is consistent with numerous, previous reports of rapid aerobic oxidation of VC (6,11,17,18,20,24)). In unamended (no humic acids added) anaerobic microcosms, mineralization of [1,2-14 C]VC was approximately linear over the first 15 days (29% Ϯ 7% recovery of 14 CO 2 ) and subsequently leveled off with a final 14 CO 2 recovery of 39% Ϯ 3% in 50 days (Fig.…”

Aerobic vinyl chloride metabolism in Mycobacterium aurum L1

“…Phelps et al (27) used 1 mg of vinyl chloride per liter in the presence of propane (5% vol/vol), but their isolate was apparently not capable of growth on vinyl chloride as the sole source of carbon and energy. The recovery of labeled CO2 (5,27), assuming that vinyl chloride is also epoxidated in these cases, could indicate that these cultures had enzymes which very efficiently transform chlorooxirane, but it more likely indicates that these cultures were able to metabolize the products formed from the alkylation of glutathione (28) or coenzyme A (29) by chlorooxirane or chloroacetaldehyde, the rearrangement product of chlorooxirane.…”

“…Aerobic mineralization of vinyl chloride by groundwater (5) and by a gram-positive, propane-grown bacterium (27) has been reported recently. To our knowledge, however, Mycobacterium strain Li (17) is the only bacterial strain * Corresponding author.…”

Aerobic biodegradation of the chloroethenes: pathways, enzymes, ecology, and evolution

“…Many such oxygenases have a very broad substrate range, and can fortuitously oxidize chloroethenes, yielding unstable chlorinated epoxides that subsequently break down spontaneously. The aerobic cometabolism of chlorinated ethenes has been studied in diverse hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, including those that grow on phenol (Folsom et al, 1990), toluene (Chauhan et al, 1998), methane (Fogel et al, 1986;Tsien et al, 1989), ethene and ethane (Freedman & Herz, 1996;Koziollek et al, 1999), propane (Wackett et al, 1989;Phelps et al, 1991;Malachowsky et al, 1994), propene (Ensign et al, 1992;Saeki et al, 1999), and ammonia (Vannelli et al, 1990). Much of the relevant literature has been reviewed previously (Semprini, 2001).…”