Adverse rotorcraft pilot couplings—Past, present and future challenges

Pavel, Marilena D.; Jump, Michael; Dang-Vu, Binh; Masarati, Pierangelo; Gennaretti, Massimo; Ioniţă, Achim; Zaichik, Larisa; Smaili, Hafid; Quaranta, Giuseppe; Yilmaz, Deniz; Jones, Michael; Serafini, Jacopo; Małecki, J.

doi:10.1016/j.paerosci.2013.04.003

Cited by 46 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The history of tiltrotor development also contains many PAO events, from the early design and testing of the XV-15 technology demonstrator [7] to several instances of aeroservoelastic pilot-in-the-loop coupling encountered during the testing of the V-22 [8]. A reasonably complete database of PIO and PAO incidents that have occurred to fixed-and rotary-wing aircraft is reported in [9]. Most of those events occurred in the PAO frequency band and involved the involuntary participation of the pilot, often interacting with the automatic flight control system (AFCS).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, the GARTEUR Helicopter Action Group 16 (HC AG-16) [4] and the European Commission 7th Framework Programme project titled "Aircraft and Rotorcraft Pilot Couplings-Tools and Techniques for Alleviation and Detection" or ARISTOTEL † † [10,11,9], addressed this topic. With respect to aeroelastic RPC (PAO), the focus of HC AG-16 was to further understand collective bounce.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prediction and Simulator Verification of Roll/Lateral Adverse Aeroservoelastic Rotorcraft–Pilot Couplings

Muscarello¹,

Quaranta²,

Masarati³

et al. 2016

Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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The involuntary interaction of a pilot with an aircraft can be described as pilot-assisted oscillations. Such phenomena are usually only addressed late in the design process when they manifest themselves during ground/flight testing. Methods to be able to predict such phenomena as early as possible are therefore useful. This work describes a technique to predict the adverse aeroservoelastic rotorcraft-pilot couplings, specifically between a rotorcraft's roll motion and the resultant involuntary pilot lateral cyclic motion. By coupling linear vehicle aeroservoelastic models and experimentally identified pilot biodynamic models, pilot-assisted oscillations and no-pilot-assisted oscillation conditions have been numerically predicted for a soft-in-plane hingeless helicopter with a lightly damped regressive lead-lag mode that strongly interacts with the roll mode at a frequency within the biodynamic band of the pilots. These predictions have then been verified using real-time flight-simulation experiments. The absence of any similar adverse couplings experienced while using only rigid-body models in the flight simulator verified that the observed phenomena were indeed aeroelastic in nature. The excellent agreement between the numerical predictions and the observed experimental results indicates that the techniques developed in this paper can be used to highlight the proneness of new or existing designs to pilot-assisted oscillations.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction and Simulator Verification of Roll/Lateral Adverse Aeroservoelastic Rotorcraft–Pilot Couplings

Muscarello¹,

Quaranta²,

Masarati³

et al. 2016

Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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“…In advanced rotorcraft, a sophisticated flight control system (FCS) may further modify the pilot controls prior to feeding them to the actual pitch control mechanism. Although the details of such systems are beyond the scope of the current work, a net effect they could have on the pilot's commanded control is a further delay of up to 100 ms caused by the digital filtering and processing of the control inceptor motion [1,44]. Such delay may play a critical role in reducing the phase margin of the closed loop system.…”

Section: Pilot Voluntary Action Through the Biomechanical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem of adverse Aircraft-Pilot Couplings (APCs) surfaced from the very beginning of human flight, but it only received significant attention from the late 1970s [1]. Focus has been mainly placed on adverse effects of voluntary pilot action, the so-called Pilot-Induced Oscillations (PIO), which are caused by a mismatch between the actual vehicle dynamics and the mental model the pilot uses to anticipate the control action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The history of tiltrotor development has seen several PAO events, from the early design and testing of the XV-15 technology demonstrator [15] to the aeroservoelastic pilot-in-the-loop couplings encountered during the development of the V-22 [16]. A complete database of PIO and PAO incidents occurred to fixed-and rotary-wing aircraft is reported in [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voluntary Pilot Action Through Biodynamics for Helicopter Flight Dynamics Simulation

Masarati¹,

Quaranta²,

Bernardini³

et al. 2015

Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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This work presents the integration of detailed models of a pilot controlling a helicopter along the heave axis through the collective control inceptor. The action on the control inceptor is produced through a biomechanical model of the pilot's limbs, by commanding the activation of the related muscle bundles. Such activation, in turn, is determined by defining the muscle elongations required to move the control inceptor in partial derivative of (♠) with respect to (♣)

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