Adverse effects of lactational exposure to chlorpyrifos in suckling rats

Abstract

<jats:p> The present study was undertaken to evaluate the oxidative damage, biochemical and histopathological alterations in sucking rats whose mothers were exposed to the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF). Dams were administered CPF, via oral route. Doses equalled 0.01 mg kg<jats:sup>—1</jats:sup> body weight (b.wt.; acceptable daily intake, ADI), 1.00 mg kg<jats:sup>—1</jats:sup> b.wt. (no observed adverse effects level, NOAEL) and 1.35 mg kg<jats:sup>—1</jats:sup> b.wt. (1/100 lethal dose [LD<jats:sub>50</jats:sub>]) from postnatal day 1 until day 20 after delivery. At two high doses of CPF, the body weight gain and relative liver and kidney weight of suckling pups were significantly decreased. Exposure of the mothers to CPF caused increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in lactating pups. CPF altered the level of the marker parameters related to the liver and kidneys. Consistent histological changes were found in the liver and kidneys of the subjected pups, especially at the higher doses. The results suggested that the transfer of CPF intoxication through the mother’s milk has resulted in oxidative stress and biochemical and histopathological alterations in the suckling pups. The data of this study may be considered as a contribution to the problem of lactational transfer of the relatively less persistent OP pesticides, such as CPF. </jats:p>

Ameliorative effect of vitamin E to mouse dams and their pups following exposure of mothers to chlorpyrifos during gestation and lactation periods

“…These observations indicated marked changes in the overall histoarchitecture of the examined organs in response to CPF, which could be due to its toxic effects primarily by the generation of ROS, causing damage to the various membrane components of the cell. Our results are supported by other studies conducted on the insecticide CPF (Mansour and Mossa, 2009, 2010a, 2010b, 2011. The biochemical alterations observed in CPF-treated mice and normalization effect of these biochemical parameters after administration of vit.…”

Dietary Biotin Supplementation Modifies Hepatic Morphology without Changes in Liver Toxicity Markers

“…Ten field areas for each section were randomly selected and examined for histological changes (25x) under light microscope. The random field areas were scored as follows: normal appearance (—), minimal cellular disruption in less than 1% of field area, mild cellular disruption of 1%–30% of field area, moderate cellular disruption of 31%–60% of field area, severe cell disruption of 61%–90% of field area, and very severe cellular disruption of 91%–100% of field area [29]. …”

Alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary glands evoked by subacute chlorpyrifos administration in Wistar rats

“…However, toxicity has been reported at doses that do not inhibit AChE [14,15] . Therefore, other mechanisms including the induction of oxidative stress have been implicated in CPF-induced toxicity [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . During oxidative stress, the body's antioxidant mechanisms are overwhelmed by the oxidants, resulting in cellular damage.…”