Adverse Drug Reactions to Systemic Antifungals Prevention and Management

Abstract

Systemic administration of antifungal agents for invasive mycoses has dramatically increased over the past 10 years in many fields of medicine. The increase has been due both to an increasing immune compromised population and to potent antibacterial agents which allow these fungi to invade tissue. It is apparent that our understanding of the use of both the old and new antifungal agents has significantly increased in the last few years. In this review, we attempt to document our extensive knowledge of the adverse effects of the polyenes, flucytosine, griseofulvin and azoles when given systemically for treatment. Interwoven in this documentation of the adverse reactions to these agents is the attempt to help clinicians potentially avoid some of these adverse effects and if they do occur, to be able to identify and successfully manage them.

High-throughput synergy screening identifies microbial metabolites as combination agents for the treatment of fungal infections

“…2, there was a series of 2-fold dilutions of the compounds. The top wells containing F101604 extracts showed a moderate cell-killing effect, and KTC was toxic at 100 and 50 g/ml, as reported clinically (29), whereas a fixed concentration of 6.25 g/ml KTC in combination with series dilution of F101604 extracts did not kill HepG2 cells. The top seven leading hits were chosen and ranked by using Spotfire (Somerville, MA) software.…”

High-throughput synergy screening identifies microbial metabolites as combination agents for the treatment of fungal infections

“…2, there was a series of 2-fold dilutions of the compounds. The top wells containing F101604 extracts showed a moderate cell-killing effect, and KTC was toxic at 100 and 50 g/ml, as reported clinically (29), whereas a fixed concentration of 6.25 g/ml KTC in combination with series dilution of F101604 extracts did not kill HepG2 cells. The top seven leading hits were chosen and ranked by using Spotfire (Somerville, MA) software.…”

Local Administration of Amphotericin B Against Aspergilloma in the Prepontine Cistern-Case Report-

“…This hypointensity on T 2 -weighted imaging may be associated with the presence of methemoglobin in the capsule wall or within macrophages, or the presence of free radicals produced by macrophages. 3, 16,19,22) Hypointensity was also apparent on retrospective examination of the initial T 2 -weighted imaging in this case. Recognition of this pattern could lead to early diagnosis and treatment planning.…”

Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius Reduces Symptoms of Denture Stomatitis and Oral Colonization by Candida albicans

“…Nevertheless, the use of such drugs is not without drawbacks, since short term treatments are affected by high rates of early post-treatment relapse and recurrence [16]. Furthermore, prolonged or repeated therapeutic regimens enhance the risk of systemic adverse effects [17] and are likely to induce antifungal drug resistance in resident fungal strains [18]. It is well known that the administration of probiotics can be beneficial for patients suffering for mucosal candidiasis [27].…”

High-throughput synergy screening identifies microbial metabolites as combination agents for the treatment of fungal infections

“…2, there was a series of 2-fold dilutions of the compounds. The top wells containing F101604 extracts showed a moderate cell-killing effect, and KTC was toxic at 100 and 50 g/ml, as reported clinically (29), whereas a fixed concentration of 6.25 g/ml KTC in combination with series dilution of F101604 extracts did not kill HepG2 cells. The top seven leading hits were chosen and ranked by using Spotfire (Somerville, MA) software.…”

Local Administration of Amphotericin B Against Aspergilloma in the Prepontine Cistern-Case Report-

“…This hypointensity on T 2 -weighted imaging may be associated with the presence of methemoglobin in the capsule wall or within macrophages, or the presence of free radicals produced by macrophages. 3, 16,19,22) Hypointensity was also apparent on retrospective examination of the initial T 2 -weighted imaging in this case. Recognition of this pattern could lead to early diagnosis and treatment planning.…”

Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius Reduces Symptoms of Denture Stomatitis and Oral Colonization by Candida albicans

“…Nevertheless, the use of such drugs is not without drawbacks, since short term treatments are affected by high rates of early post-treatment relapse and recurrence [16]. Furthermore, prolonged or repeated therapeutic regimens enhance the risk of systemic adverse effects [17] and are likely to induce antifungal drug resistance in resident fungal strains [18]. It is well known that the administration of probiotics can be beneficial for patients suffering for mucosal candidiasis [27].…”

High-throughput synergy screening identifies microbial metabolites as combination agents for the treatment of fungal infections

“…2, there was a series of 2-fold dilutions of the compounds. The top wells containing F101604 extracts showed a moderate cell-killing effect, and KTC was toxic at 100 and 50 g/ml, as reported clinically (29), whereas a fixed concentration of 6.25 g/ml KTC in combination with series dilution of F101604 extracts did not kill HepG2 cells. The top seven leading hits were chosen and ranked by using Spotfire (Somerville, MA) software.…”

Local Administration of Amphotericin B Against Aspergilloma in the Prepontine Cistern-Case Report-

“…This hypointensity on T 2 -weighted imaging may be associated with the presence of methemoglobin in the capsule wall or within macrophages, or the presence of free radicals produced by macrophages. 3, 16,19,22) Hypointensity was also apparent on retrospective examination of the initial T 2 -weighted imaging in this case. Recognition of this pattern could lead to early diagnosis and treatment planning.…”

Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius Reduces Symptoms of Denture Stomatitis and Oral Colonization by Candida albicans

“…Nevertheless, the use of such drugs is not without drawbacks, since short term treatments are affected by high rates of early post-treatment relapse and recurrence [16]. Furthermore, prolonged or repeated therapeutic regimens enhance the risk of systemic adverse effects [17] and are likely to induce antifungal drug resistance in resident fungal strains [18]. It is well known that the administration of probiotics can be beneficial for patients suffering for mucosal candidiasis [27].…”