Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in adulthood: Evidence from North Carolina

Mwachofi, Ari; Imai, Satomi; Bell, Ronny A.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.021

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These effects are not specific and influence mental, physical, and physiological effects [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Some examples of the undesired effects of exposure to childhood trauma include anxiety [7], PTSD [8], depression [7], suicide [1,6], substance use [9][10][11], drug use [12], and mortality [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Childhood trauma also increases the risk of respiratory, heart, and metabolic diseases [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Socioeconomic Status and Exposure to Childhood Trauma: Racial Differences

Assari

2020

Children

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Background: Minorities’ diminished returns (MDRs) refer to weaker effects of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as parental educational attainment and family income in generating tangible childhood outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities compared to the majority group, a pattern prevalent in the US. Our existing knowledge is minimal, however, about diminished returns of family SES on reducing exposure to childhood trauma. Aim: To determine if there was a difference between non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) in the effect of SES on exposure to childhood trauma among children ages 8–11 years old. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 4696 NHW or NHB American 8–11-year-old children who were participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. The independent variables were parental educational attainment and family income. The primary outcome was exposure to 1 or 2+ childhood traumas, measured by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) semi-structured interview. Polynomial regression was used for data analysis. Results: Parental education and family income had statistically significant protective (negative) effects on childhood trauma, indicating children from high income and highly educated families were exposed to a lower level of childhood trauma. However, race/ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with parental education and family income on exposure to childhood trauma, indicating weaker protective effects of parental education and family income on reducing exposure to trauma for NHB compared to NHW children. Race-specific models showed protective effects of parental education and family income on exposure to childhood trauma for NHW but not NHB children. Conclusion: The protective effects of parental education and family income against exposure to childhood trauma are systematically diminished for NHBs compared to NHWs. To minimize the racial/ethnic health gaps, diminished returns of parental education and family income should be addressed. There is a need for programs and interventions that equalize not only SES but also the marginal returns of SES for ethnic groups. Such efforts require addressing structural and societal barriers that hinder NHB families from translating their SES resources into tangible outcomes. There is a need for studies that can minimize MDRs for NHB families, such that SES can similarly secure tangible outcomes in the presence of SES resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Socioeconomic Status and Exposure to Childhood Trauma: Racial Differences

Assari

2020

Children

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“…Por otro lado, el estudio de Hewitt et al [11] reportó que el 74% de los niños que habían estado expuestos a situaciones de violencia sociopolítica tales como el secuestro, el hostigamiento y el desplazamiento, manifestaron síntomas subsiguientes de trastornos depresivos, entre otros. Por su parte, Betancourt, McBain, Newnham y Brennan [26] afirman que la vivencia de este tipo de experiencias durante la infancia, incrementa las tasas de prevalencia de trastornos mentales tales como la depresión, la ansiedad, déficits neuropsicológicos, cognitivos y académicos, posteriores a la exposición al evento traumático [11,23,31].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Experiencias traumáticas y resiliencia en población expuesta a la violencia

Rojas

García

Gil

et al. 2020

Rev. Investig. Innov. Cienc. Salud

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El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre eventos traumáticos en la infancia y la resiliencia, en población expuesta a la violencia en la región del Urabá antioqueño. Se contó con una muestra final de 86 adultos (53.5%, los hombres, 43% mujeres y 3.5% mujeres transgénero) entre 18 y 60 años. Este es un estudio descriptivo, correlacional, de corte transversal, en el cual se midieron eventos traumáticos que fueron evaluados con el Inventario de Experiencias Traumáticas en la Infancia (ETI-SRCol) y niveles de resiliencia con la Escala de Resiliencia en Adultos (ER). Para determinar la relación se usó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman p<0.005, que fue considerado significativo. Los datos obtenidos del cuestionario ETI-SRCol evidencian puntajes importantes al comparar las medias del grupo de participantes con las del grupo de adaptación de la prueba para la población colombiana en las variables de violencia sociopolítica, abuso sexual, acontecimientos generales y en la de pobreza. Los resultados de este estudio indican correlaciones débiles entre los factores del trauma infantil y los niveles de resiliencia en la edad adulta.

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“…The study by Mwachofi et al (2020) dedicated to the effect of childhood events on the mental health of North Carolina adults (19,187 observations) revealed that adults with low mental health and a tendency to depression with a significant (p <0.001) level of difference experienced the following events: offence by parents, divorce of parents, alcoholism or drug addiction of one of the parents, beating of one parent by the other, fights between parents, mental illness of one of the parents, regular physical punishment or beating, sexual abuse. These findings are consistent with earlier studies by Schilling et al (2007), who also noted the gender and ethnic differences in the influence of negative childhood experiences on the occurrence of antisocial behaviour, drug use and a tendency to emotional disturbances.…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity Of The Individual Experience Of Adolescents With Realized Victimhood

Andronnikova¹

2021

European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences

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Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in adulthood: Evidence from North Carolina

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Family Socioeconomic Status and Exposure to Childhood Trauma: Racial Differences

Family Socioeconomic Status and Exposure to Childhood Trauma: Racial Differences

Experiencias traumáticas y resiliencia en población expuesta a la violencia

Specificity Of The Individual Experience Of Adolescents With Realized Victimhood

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