Advancing the science of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT): testing for better safety evaluation

Design of a high-throughput human neural crest cell migration assay to indicate potential developmental toxicants

“…A better understanding of the developmental processes and how toxicants affect them is important to identify the causes and to develop strategies to avoid them (Barouki et al, 2012;Grandjean and Landrigan, 2014). This applies to a particularly high degree to the field of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) (Bal-Price et al, 2012;Crofton et al, 2012).…”

Consensus report on the future of animal-free systemic toxicity testing

“…Uses of the zebrafish assay (Selderslaghs et al, 2011;Padilla et al, 2012;truong et al, 2014), the embryonic stem cell test (eSt) (van Dartel and Piersma, 2011;Seiler and Spielmann, 2011) and further developments on the basis of ReProtect test systems (Piersma, 2010) could immediately fill the gap until assays based on human cells become available. The field is developing very dynamically, and, especially in the area of developmental neurotoxicity, many new test systems are emerging (Zimmer et al, 2014;Smirnova et al, 2014;Bal-Price et al, 2012). the new assays will need to be assembled into an advanced test battery using concepts of ItS design (Fig.…”

Monocrotophos in Gandaman village: India school lunch deaths and need for improved toxicity testing

“…The consortium has shown that complex functional endpoints can be transferred to in vitro test systems Kadereit et al 2012;Zimmer et al 2012). The availability of both murine and human stem cells even allows species comparisons in vitro and puts species extrapolations from available rodent data to humans on a rational basis (Bal-Price et al 2012). Thanks to induced PSC technology (Takahashi and Yamanaka 2006), the ethnic diversity of humans can be included into the analysis through a careful selection of PSC lines (Fakunle and Loring 2012).…”