Advancing Plant Phenology Causes an Increasing Trophic Mismatch in an Income Breeder Across a Wide Elevational Range

Phenological and elevational shifts of plants, animals and fungi under climate change in the European Alps

“…440For animals, phenological changes are less documented and overall less pronounced for 441 large herbivores and birds that can migrate over long distances to track food availability and 442 quality (i.e. tracking the 'Green Wave', e.g Bischof et al, 2012;Rehnus et al, 2020)…”

Is the grass always greener? Land surface phenology reveals differences in peak and season‐long vegetation productivity responses to climate and management

“…Some predictions of phenological changes through time, like potential future changes to productivity, may be identified using annual weather variables. Furthermore, analyses utilizing phenology such as models of ecosystem‐wide carbon uptake or responses of wildlife to climate change and variability should consider multiple phenological measures and context dependencies (Donnelly et al., 2018 ; Rehnus et al., 2020 ; Richardson et al., 2012 ). We discuss these three main findings in more detail in the following paragraphs.…”

“…Conversely increasing temperature mostly had a divergent association, increasing peak productivity but lowering season‐long productivity. Implications of warming temperatures on productivity can vary between vegetation functional groups (Livensperger et al., 2016 ), have cascading ecosystem effects (Beard et al., 2019 ; Rehnus et al., 2020 ; Renner & Zohner, 2018 ), and include consequences to human society (Bezerra et al., 2019 ; Stevenson et al., 2015 ).…”

“…For example, adequate understanding of the timing, magnitude, and duration of seasonal events (phenology) of an ecological community can inform management and restoration efforts and help managers estimate how sensitive a community may be to ongoing changes in climate. Conversely, not accounting for spatiotemporal patterns in phenology can lead to mismanagement, including food‐security risks (e.g., Bezerra et al., 2019 ; Sadras & Monzon, 2006 ; Stevenson et al., 2015 ), ecological disruption caused by phenological mismatches (e.g., Rehnus et al., 2020 ; Renner & Zohner, 2018 ), and sampling biases (Gibson et al., 2016 ; Smith et al., 2017 ). Vegetation phenology interacts with climate and has cascading impacts to ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling and the maintenance of ecosystem services (Beard et al., 2019 ; Cleland et al., 2007 ; Morisette et al., 2009 ).…”

“…Vegetation phenology interacts with climate and has cascading impacts to ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling and the maintenance of ecosystem services (Beard et al., 2019 ; Cleland et al., 2007 ; Morisette et al., 2009 ). Furthermore, wildlife species within a system may respond to vegetation phenology and productivity with potential cascading effects on seasonal timings, fecundity, interspecific interactions, and behavior (Donnelly et al., 2018 ; Rehnus et al., 2020 ; Stoner et al., 2020 ).…”