Advances in Understanding the Alkali‐Activated Metallurgical Slag

Liu, Kuisheng; Zhang, Zengqi; Sun, Jianwei

doi:10.1155/2021/8795588

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…A broad peak is observed in Figure 6a, a sign of WG's amorphous nature since no sharp individual peaks (the identity of the crystalline phase) were observed. This probably suggests WG is a pozzolan material since the amorphous phases are well known for forming a net of bonds acting as an adhesive in structures [35]. On the other hand, the presence of C3S and C2S in the spectrum of SS Figure 6b may address it as cementitious materials.…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of the Performance of Steel Slag and Waste Glass as a Cement Replacement

Azeez,

Hassan,

Atiyah

2023

ETJ

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This work assessed the pozzolanic activity of locally available steel slag and waste glass in mortars.• Effects of steel slag and waste glass replacing cement on workability, density, and strength index are studied. • Unlike waste glass, steel slag decreased mortar strength and workability. • Steel slag improved compressive strength and mitigated the negative impact of waste glass in concrete.The industrial development and growth in population activity caused an annual increase in solid wastes over the past decades. The emissions of CO2 from the cement industry are the main source of air pollution. Recycling wastes as cementitious materials conserve the ecosystem in different aspects, e.g., reduction of CO2 footprint. Consequently, the pozzolanic activity of two solid wastes abundantly available in Iraq, steel slag (SS) and waste glass (WG), were evaluated. This study aimed to replace them with ordinary Portland cement. This will achieve a sustainable, eco-efficient, and environmentally friendly construction industry. The Chemical analysis of the wastes by XRF and XRD suggests a possible cementitious capability owing to the amorphous nature of WG and the presence of C3S and C2S in SS. Accordingly, due to international standards, cubic mortars were produced by replacing cement with SS at 50% and WG at 50% and 20%. The effects of such replacements on the compressive strength of mortars were evaluated by comparison with that of the control mortars. WG increases workability and results in a higher strength index (72.8%) than that of SS (48.7%) at similar replacement levels (50%). Subsequently, SS and WG replaced coarse aggregates (CA) and cement, respectively, in concrete. The results revealed positive effects of SS on compressive strength in contrast to WG influence. The compressive strength of concrete cured for 91d increased by about 20% compared to the control sample upon incorporation of 50% SS without any WG.

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Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of the Performance of Steel Slag and Waste Glass as a Cement Replacement

Azeez,

Hassan,

Atiyah

2023

ETJ

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“…The presence of a large number of inert components, primarily in the form of the RO phase in steel slag, reduces the content of active components. These inert components also do not dissolve in an alkaline environment [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68].…”

Section: Setting Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when modified with gypsum, SGM exhibits improved early and later strength. With a mass ratio of 2:7 for steel slag and GBFS, gypsum content of 12%, and a sand ratio of 0.42, the 1 d compressive strength of concrete cured at 45 • C can reach 24.06 MPa, and the 28 d compressive strength can reach 51.54 MPa [68]. The strength of SGM is influenced by the relative content of each component.…”

Section: Hardened Properties Of Sgm 41 Mechanical Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Preparing Steel Slag–Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Cementitious Materials: Synergistic Hydration, Fresh, and Hardened Properties

Sun,

Hou,

Guo

et al. 2024

Buildings

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Steel slag and GBFS are wastes generated during the steel and iron smelting process, characterized by their considerable production rates and extensive storage capacities. After grinding, they are often used as supplementary cementitious materials. However, the intrinsic slow hydration kinetics of steel slag–GBFS cementitious material (SGM) when exposed to a pure water environment result in prolonged setting times and diminished early-age strength development. The incorporation of modifiers such as gypsum, clinker, or alkaline activators can effectively improve the various properties of SGM. This comprehensive review delves into existing research on the utilization of SGM, examining their hydration mechanisms, workability, setting time, mechanical strengths, durability, and shrinkage. Critical parameters including the performance of base materials (water-to-cement ratio, fineness, and composition) and modifiers (type, alkali content, and dosage) are scrutinized to understand their effects on the final properties of the cementitious materials. The improvement mechanisms of various modifiers on properties are discussed. This promotes resource utilization of industrial solid wastes and provides theoretical support for the engineering application of SGM.

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