Advances in the Study of Marine Products with Lipid-Lowering Properties

Abstract

With twice the number of cancer’s deaths, cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, in particular, is a progressive, chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease caused by persistent damage to blood vessels due to elevated cholesterol levels and hyperlipidemia. This condition is characterized by an increase in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein. Although existing therapies with hypolipidemic effects can improve the living standards of patients with cardiovascular diseases, the drugs currently used in clinical practice have certain side effects, which insists on the need for the development of new types of drugs with lipid-lowering effects. Some marine-derived substances have proven hypolipidemic activities with fewer side effects and stand as a good alternative for drug development. Recently, there have been thousands of studies on substances with lipid-lowering properties of marine origin, and some are already implemented in clinical practice. Here, we summarize the active components of marine-derived products having a hypolipidemic effect. These active constituents according to their source are divided into algal, animal, plant and microbial and contribute to the development and utilization of marine medicinal products with hypolipidemic effects.

Biotechnological Innovations from Ocean: Transpiring Role of Marine Drugs in Management of Chronic Disorders

“…Fucoxanthin is an oxygen-containing carotenoid compound isolated from brown algae. This compound has been studied as a treatment to prevent the over-oxidation of lipids and restrain their accumulation [ 60 ]. Fucoxanthin also downregulates transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, which are play a role in adipogenesis.…”

Marine Natural Products and Coronary Artery Disease

“…Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid containing oxygen that is extracted from brown algae ( 6 ). Recent studies have suggested that fucoxanthin prevented lipids from overoxidation and restrained the accumulation of lipids.…”

“…DSW also restrained adipocyte differentiation, lipogenesis, and adipocytokine gene levels as well as elevated lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation gene levels ( 29 ). Additionally, DSW was reported to decrease serum lipids by inhibiting the levels of TG and TC in serum and suppressing AMPK, PPARα, CPT-1, and ACO expression ( 6 ). Another investigation also indicated that DSW inhibited HMGCR and PCSK9 expression, promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK, and elevated LDLR, SREBP-1α, and SREBP-2 expression ( 6 ).…”

High Dietary Intervention of Lauric Triglyceride Might be Harmful to Its Improvement of Cholesterol Metabolism in Obese Rats

“…1,2 Due to the side effects of lipid-lowering drugs (such as statins), the natural products and medicines and edible foods with a strong lipid-lowering ability and low toxicity have attracted more and more attention worldwide. 3,4 Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) foods by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and considered as common foods by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and State Administration for market regulation. 5,6 As far as we know, the MCTs have many health benefits because they have unique metabolic pathways, which is different from longchain triglycerides (LCTs) in the body.…”

“…In recent years, the accelerated pace of life and excessive calorie intake often lead to metabolic disorders in the body, thereby increasing the risk of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs are usually considered as a major cause of mortality at home and abroad. , Due to the side effects of lipid-lowering drugs (such as statins), the natural products and medicines and edible foods with a strong lipid-lowering ability and low toxicity have attracted more and more attention worldwide. , …”