Advances in Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structure, biosynthesis, and bioactivity

Abstract

Polygonatum sibiricum has been used as food and medicine for thousands of years, and P. sibiricum polysaccharides (PSPs) have become the hot research spot due to their various health-promoting functions. Numerous studies have shown that PSPs possess huge potential in the application of functional food and medicine fields. However, the research status and features of the preparation process, molecular structure, and bioactivities of PSPs are unclear. Therefore, this review makes a comprehensive summary and proposes new insights and guidelines for the extraction, purification, structural features, biosynthesis, and multiple bioactivities of PSPs. Notably, it is concluded that PSPs mainly contain several types of polysaccharides, including fructan, pectin, galactomannan, glucomannans, arabinogalactan, and galactan, and multiple bioactivates, including osteogenic activity, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-depression, antioxidant, antiglycation, and protective effect against neurotoxicity and gut microbiota regulating activity. This review contributes to the structure–function study and resource utilization of P. sibiricum and its polysaccharides in food fields.

A review of the pharmacological action and mechanism of natural plant polysaccharides in depression

“…In recent years, Polygonatum sibiricum has been utilized in various formulations for the treatment of depression with promising outcomes ( Liu et al, 2022 ). It encompasses multiple bioactive constituents such as polysaccharides, steroidal saponins, and flavonoids.…”

Health-Promoting Activities and Associated Mechanisms of Polygonati Rhizoma Polysaccharides

“…Extraction efficiency could be affected by several factors, including temperature, time, extraction frequency, and solvent. The temperature, time, and liquid/solid ratio range within 80–100 °C, 2–3 h, and 1:(10–30) g/mL, respectively [ 30 ]. Meanwhile, Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides are often purified using DEAE-Cellulose52, DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion-exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography, and Sephacryl G-150 column chromatography [ 40 , 41 ].…”

“…A high diversity of existing PSPs was reported in different research, which might be due to maturity, geographic location, environmental circumstances, extraction methods, and analytical procedures [ 30 ]. PSP was also extracted with CO 2 -triggered switchable hydrophilicity solvents containing amines and water, and a yield of 399.2 mg/g was obtained at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, extraction temperature of 50 °C, ultrasonic power of 500 W, and extraction time of 60 min [ 42 ].…”

“…There are five types of PSP, i.e., pectin [ 59 , 60 , 61 ], fructan [ 29 ], glucogalactomannan [ 30 ], arabinogalactan-type polysaccharides [ 62 ], and glucomannans [ 63 ]. Crude PSP contains carbohydrates (85.1–88.3%), proteins (4.51–11.9%), and uronic acid (1.79–7.47%) [ 36 ].…”

“…Polysaccharides are major bioactive components and contributors to the sweet taste of Polygonati Rhizoma which mainly exert metabolic regulation, immunomodulatory, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiatherosclerotic, liver protection, hypolipidemic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-atherosclerotic activities [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Polysaccharides also serve as evaluation markers in quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma and “Yuzhu” ( P. odoratum ) [ 30 , 31 ]. Polygonati Rhizoma has often been used as an ingredient or supplement in the food industry due to its tonic effect and flavor properties, which are mainly exerted by polysaccharides [ 11 , 32 ].…”