Advances in Facial Rejuvenation: Botulinum Toxin Type A, Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers, and Combination Therapies???-Consensus Recommendations

Safety of Botulinum Toxin A in Aesthetic Treatments: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

“…Injection site pain, edema, and bruising were frequently reported in all areas of treatment, which suggests that these AEs are related to the injection procedure and that their incidence could be reduced by improving the injection technique. 48 Headache, which was frequently reported, may be related to the injection procedure for different causes, such as periosteal trauma or intramuscular hematomas, 42 anxiety in new patients, and temporary muscle spasm, but a few episodes of long-lasting headaches after upper face and palmar injections have been reported. 49 The only article on incobotulinumtoxinA included in this review also reported headache, which the authors considered to be treatment related, although the open-label design of this study does not allow comparison with controls.…”

Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study of OnabotulinumtoxinA and Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers (24-mg/mL Smooth, Cohesive Gel) Alone and in Combination for Lower Facial Rejuvenation: Satisfaction and Patient-Reported Outcomes

“…These findings were consistent with current concepts of facial aging that embrace the importance of changes resulting from volume loss as well as repetitive muscle activity over time. 2 The effects of onabotulinumtoxinA and the 24-mg/ mL cohesive HA gel filler alone and in combination on subjective outcome measures were also incorporated into the study design because of the importance of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). PROs have become increasingly well recognized in all areas of medicine, as evidenced by various initiatives to integrate them into clinical research efforts.…”

Comparison of Two Botulinum Toxin Type A Preparations for Treating Crow's Feet: A Split-Face, Double-Blind, Proof-of-Concept Study

“…1,6 According to the consensus papers, the recommended dose of BTX-A for treating crow's feet is 8 to 16 mouse units (MU) in women and 12 to 16 MU in men. 1,2,7 This dose is usually divided between three or four injection sites. Lowe and coworkers concluded that the optimum dose of botulinum toxin type A complex (BTXCo; Botox/Vistabel, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) is 12 MU per side.…”