Advances in chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency

Zhou, Da; Li, Si-Jie; Ya, Jingyuan; Ding, Jiayue; Shang, Shuling; Ding, Yuchuan; Ji, Xunming

doi:10.1111/cns.12780

Cited by 43 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…To this end, we examined the conventional M1 marker CD16/32 in demented mice 8 weeks after 2-vessel-stenosis (2VS). 61,62 We here report both CD16/32 + and CD16/32 − PVMs after sham surgery and 2VS (Figure 2A,B), suggesting the existence of PVM subpopulation. 2VS led to increased parenchymal myeloid cells ( Figure 2B), along with increased PVM numbers in subcortex but not cortex ( Figure 2B,C), probably responsible for more severe white matter injury than gray matter in dementia.…”

Section: Bbb Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Based on the above findings and the idea of macrophage polarization, we hypothesized that PVMs may exert proinflammatory polarization (M1). To this end, we examined the conventional M1 marker CD16/32 in demented mice 8 weeks after 2‐vessel‐stenosis (2VS) . We here report both CD16/32 + and CD16/32 − PVMs after sham surgery and 2VS (Figure A,B), suggesting the existence of PVM subpopulation.…”

Section: Pvm Alterations In Diseased Brainmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Brain perivascular macrophages: Recent advances and implications in health and diseases

2019

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Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) belong to a distinct population of brain‐resident myeloid cells located within the perivascular space surrounding arterioles and venules. Their characterization depends on the combination of anatomical localization, phagocytic capacity, and molecular markers. Under physiological status, they provide structural and functional support for maintaining brain homeostasis, including facilitation of blood‐brain barrier integrity and lymphatic drainage, and exertion of immune functions such as phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Increasing evidence also implicates their specific roles in diseased brain, ranging from cerebrovascular diseases, Aβ pathologies, infections, and autoimmunity. Collectively, PVMs are key components of the brain‐resident immune system, actively participate in a broad‐spectrum of processes in normal and diseased status. Details of the processes are largely underexplored. Targeting PVMs would lead to new insights and be a promising strategy for a broad array of human diseases.

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Section: Bbb Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Pvm Alterations In Diseased Brainmentioning

confidence: 78%

Brain perivascular macrophages: Recent advances and implications in health and diseases

2019

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“…BBB consists of endothelial cells, basal lamina matrix, astrocyte end‐feet, and pericytes . Disruption of BBB can prompt the transfer of inflammatory cells as well as other serum substances such as fibrinogens and complement components into the CNS and then release a variety of cytokines, which in turn activate inflammatory responses and cause WM damage . Disruption of endothelial tight junctions is responsible for increased BBB permeability and secondary damage to white matter after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide preserves white matter integrity and alleviates cognitive impairment in mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

Han

Zhang

et al. 2019

CNS Neurosci Ther

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Aims Effects of dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide (NBP) on white matter damage and cognitive impairment in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) have not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NBP treatment on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion‐induced white matter lesions and cognitive dysfunction in mice. Methods Mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) for over 30 days. The cerebral blood flow was detected using a laser Doppler flowmetry. Cognitive functions were assessed by several behavioral tests. We also evaluated the effects of NBP on the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption and reactive astrogliosis, using Evans Blue extravasation, Western blot, CBA, and immunofluorescence in BCAS mice and cultured astrocytes. Results The results indicated that NBP treatment attenuated spatial memory dysfunction while promoted cerebral perfusion and white matter integrity in BCAS mice. Moreover, NBP treatment prevented BBB leakage and damage of endothelial cells, as well as disruption of endothelial tight junctions. Furthermore, NBP administration effectively decreased the number of activated astrocytes and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, as well as the production of MMPs, in BCAS‐induced mice and LPS‐stimulated astrocytes. Conclusion Our results indicated that NBP represents a promising therapy for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion‐induced white matter damage and cognitive impairment.

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“…Chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency in iMMD always causes nonfocal neurological deficits such as headache, dizziness, and insomnia; as a result, the subjective feelings from patients are of great importance. Therefore, PGIC scales, which reflected the emotional and patient‐subjective status, were used as the indicator for symptom amelioration in this study . Of the 30 patients, 29 noticed a benefit from RIC, while one patient experienced a minor stroke recurrence and his symptoms mildly fluctuated during the follow‐up period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote ischemic conditioning for the treatment of ischemic moyamoya disease

et al. 2019

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Aims This study investigated the safety and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) on ameliorating the sequelae of ischemic moyamoya disease (iMMD). Methods A total of 30 iMMD patients underwent long‐term RIC and were followed up at 0.5, 1, and 2 years for clinical outcomes, including frequency of stroke recurrence, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale, peak systolic velocities (PSV), and cerebral perfusion. Results During the whole RIC treatment process, no RIC‐related adverse event occurred. Only one of 30 patients suffered a onetime infarction (3.3%), and the ratios of acceptable PGIC were 88.2%, 64.3%, and 92.3% at 0.5, 1, and 2 years follow‐up. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed the frequency of stroke recurrence was significantly reduced after RIC (P = .013). The frequency of TIA per week was 1.1 (0.6, 2.8) prior to RIC and 0.1 (0.0, 0.5) post‐RIC (P < .01). Compared to baseline, PSV values were significantly reduced after RIC treatment (P = .002 at 0.5, P = .331 at 1, and P = .006 at 2 years). In patients undergoing perfusion studies, 75% obtained improvement on followed‐up SPECT and 95% on followed‐up PET maps. Conclusions Remote ischemic conditioning may be beneficial on controlling iMMD‐induced ischemic events, relieving symptoms, and improving cerebral perfusion, without incidence of complications in this case series.

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Advances in chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency

Cited by 43 publications

References 91 publications

Brain perivascular macrophages: Recent advances and implications in health and diseases

Brain perivascular macrophages: Recent advances and implications in health and diseases

dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide preserves white matter integrity and alleviates cognitive impairment in mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

Remote ischemic conditioning for the treatment of ischemic moyamoya disease

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