Advances in CALPHAD Methodology for Modeling Hydrides: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Hydrides enable handling hydrogen at low pressure and near room temperature, offering higher volumetric densities than compressed or liquid hydrogen and enhancing safety. The CALPHAD method, rooted in the principles of thermodynamics, offers a systematic approach for predicting phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties in multicomponent materials. This comprehensive review paper aims to provide a detailed overview of the application of the CALPHAD method in the realm of metallic and complex hydrides. After an introduction to the fundamental thermodynamic aspects of hydrides, key elements of applying the CALPHAD method to model metal-hydrogen systems and complex hydrides are discussed. Subsequently, recent publications are reviewed, highlighting key findings and recent progresses in the field. Finally, the challenges that must be overcome to achieve further progress in this area are explored.