Advanced strategies of scaffolds design for bone regeneration

Abstract

Bone defects are encountered substantially in clinical practice, and bionic scaffolds represent a promising solution for repairing bone defects. However, it is difficult to fabricate scaffolds with bionic structures and reconstruct the microenvironment to fulfill the satisfying repair effects. In this review article, we first discuss various strategies for the design and construction of bionic scaffolds to promote bone defect repair, especially including the structural construction of the scaffold and the integration of bioactive substances together with the application of external stimuli. We then discuss the roles of artificial intelligence and medical imaging in aiding clinical treatment. Finally, we point out the challenges and future outlooks in developing multifunctional bone repair scaffolds, aiming to provide insights for improving bone regeneration efficacy and accelerating clinical translation.

Temporal Immunomodulation via Wireless Programmed Electric Cues Achieves Optimized Diabetic Bone Regeneration

“…In addition, there existed no pathological abnormalities in the liver and kidney tissues of rats with implantation of piezoelectric membranes and application of US treatment, suggesting the excellent biocompatibility of the therapeutic system discussed above (Figure S7C). Previous efforts have been made to promote macrophage M2 polarization for improved bone regeneration. − However, recent works further revealed that sequential macrophage transition based on the temporal immune orchestration would achieve optimized osteogenesis, as overinhibition of initial inflammation would destroy the natural transition of the macrophage phenotype during bone regeneration. − Our findings further confirmed that precise control of the M1-to-M2 transition coordinated with a natural process could result in a promising diabetic bone repair outcome. Considering the similar pathological features of other tissue defects, including nerve, skin, and cartilage, under a diabetic background (high ROS accumulation and excessive pro-inflammatory status), application of temporal immunomodulation might also be expanded to other clinical situations.…”

Nanoscaled Titanium Oxide Layer Provokes Quick Osseointegration on 3D-Printed Dental Implants: A Domino Effect Induced by Hydrophilic Surface

“…The experimental H-SLM implant had been widely reported as a promising design of dental implants with quick osseointegration. ,,− This work supported the current knowledge that macrophage polarization can influence the fate of mesenchymal stem cells. − Further, this work complemented it with the anti-inflammatory effect of blood clots, as the microenvironment around implants can affect bone formation . In previous studies, the immunomodulation effect of hydrophilic implants was mostly investigated in surface cultured cells, and macrophages cultured on hydrophilic implant surfaces tended to polarize as M2-phenotype for anti-inflammation. , However, the limitations of surface cell culture had been gradually thought highly since 2003 due to the lack of microenvironment .…”

Natural Nano-Minerals (NNMs): Conception, Classification and Their Biomedical Composites

“…Biomedical materials are materials used in medicine, including sensing, detection, diagnosis, therapy, tissue repair, organ regeneration, in situ cell therapy, vascularization in the organoid vascularization, etc. Bone defect repair has also received much attention in recent years. Especially in organoid research and sensing analysis, biomedical materials have become an important branch of modern materials science. , With the booming development of biotechnology and the increasing improvement of health requirements, more and more biomedical materials such as graphene, , metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), maximally exfoliated two-dimensional carbides and nitrides (MXenes) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) have been discovered and are receiving extensive attention from scientists. − Although, considerable progress has been made over the decades, some biomaterials present problems such as difficult preparation, high cost, poor biocompatibility and tolerability, − which limit further applications in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, − obesity, chronic diseases and, etc .…”