Advanced in developmental organic and inorganic nanomaterial: a review

Abstract

With the unique properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, stability, inertness, ease of functionalization, as well as novel optical, electrical, and magnetic behaviors, nanomaterials have a wide range of applications in various fields with the common types including nanotubes, dendrimers, quantum dots, and fullerenes. With the aim of providing useful insights to help future development of efficient and commercially viable technology for large-scale production, this review focused on the science and applications of inorganic and organic nanomaterials, emphasizing on their synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications on different fields. The applications of nanomaterials on imaging, cell and gene delivery, biosensor, cancer treatment, therapy, and others were discussed in depth. Last but not least, the future prospects and challenges in nanoscience and nanotechnology were also explored.

From Nanobiotechnology, Positively Charged Biomimetic Dendrimers as Novel Antibacterial Agents: A Review

“…By contrast, the uncharged dendrimer scaffolds, need further conjugation with positively charged moieties, to be transformed into cationic macromolecules. Generally, cationic Ds, long before being considered to be membrane-active antimicrobial agents, have always attracted interest for biomedical applications because they possess the ability to penetrate cell membranes by endocytosis [ 46 ] and to escape the inactivating endosomal/lysosomal pathways via the proton-sponge effect [ 47 ]. In this regard, the proton-sponge outcome is allowed by an adequate buffer capacity of Ds, crucial property to survive the lysosomal attack that would translate into the premature destruction of Ds.…”

Advances in Antiviral Material Development

“…Currently, numerous types of inorganic nanomaterials, such as metallic nanoparticles, carbon‐based nanomaterials and silica nanoparticles, have intrigued tremendous interest in biomedical applications because of their attractive physical and chemical characteristics, including superior biocompatibility, good stability, unique structures, large surface‐area‐to‐volume ratios . As shown in Table , it was found in many studies that inorganic nanomaterials exhibited comparable or even stronger antiviral effect when compared with traditional pharmaceutical ingredient, significantly improved the antiviral drug delivery efficiency as nanocarriers, or exerted synergistic effect against viruses when in combination with antiviral drugs .…”

Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery and Cancer Treatment: A Promising Material in Nanomedicine

“…They are mostly colloidal systems, made of metals, metal oxides, semiconductors, carbon, and polymers [ 9 ]. Nanoparticles’ surfaces can have different properties on the basis of the surface charge, size, hydrophobic or hydrophilic functional groups, presence of coating materials, and targeting ligands [ 10 ].…”