Advance of apple and pear tree full bloom dates in response to climate change in the southwestern Cape, South Africa: 1973–2009

Grab, Stefan; Craparo, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.11.001

Cited by 105 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Many countries have already documented earlier bloom times for a variety of plants (Ellwood et al 2013;Grab and Craparo 2011;Guédon and Legave 2008;and others). Earlier bloom times will in turn affect pollination rates as insects and crops adjust to climate change at different rates.…”

Section: Fruit Crop Vulnerabilities and Expected Changes In The Northmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate

et al. 2017

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Specialty fruit crops represent a substantial portion of the value of agricultural production in the Pacific Northwest. Climate change may threaten water sources, lengthen the dry season, raise temperatures during both the winter chilling period and the growing season, and facilitate the spread of fungal diseases and insects. Such changes have the potential to substantially reduce net returns due to increased input costs and altered yields and product quality. Many management strategies that are already being used to prolong growing seasons in marginal production areas and to improve production and quality in established production regions may also be useful as adaptation strategies under a changing climate. These strategies mostly involve moderating temperatures and controlling or compensating for mismatches between phenology and seasonal weather conditions.

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Section: Fruit Crop Vulnerabilities and Expected Changes In The Northmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate

et al. 2017

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“…In France and South Africa flowering of 'Golden Delicious' apple has advanced by ca. 3.0 and 2.0 days per decade respectively [27,28]. These changes have been associated with recently observed warming in these regions.…”

Section: Adapting To Global Warmingmentioning

confidence: 90%

The photosynthesis inhibitor metamitron is a highly effective thinner for ‘Golden Delicious’ apple in a warm climate

Stern

2015

Fruits

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-Introduction. Small fruit size is a limiting factor in marketing apple (Malus × domestica). Several techniques have been used to improve fruit size, among them blossom and fruit thinning with plant growth regulators such as auxins and cytokinins to reduce crop load. Materials and methods. In the present study, carried out in 3 consecutive years (2012-2014), we evaluated the photosynthesis inhibitor metamitron (MM) as a thinner for 'Golden Delicious' apple. Results. MM applied once at 180-225 g ha −1 (150-190 mg L −1 in the form of 0.1%-0.125% Brevis r at 1200 L ha −1 ) at the 6-mm fruit-diameter stage increased dark-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence, measured as a reduction in Fv/Fm values and resulted in significant fruit thinning. Consequently, the average time spent on hand thinning was reduced from 20-30 days ha −1 to 2-5 days ha −1 and there was a considerable and significant shift to larger fruit size. Discussion. The relatively low effective doses of MM compared to those used in Europe and the USA were likely due to the higher night temperatures for 3 weeks postapplication, which increased respiration and caused assimilation deficiencies during that critical period of fruit development. Conclusion. In a warm growing environment the thinner MM is highly effective on apple, since only one application (FB+7) of relatively low dose (190 mg L −1 MM as 0.125% Brevis r ) is enough for optimal fruitlet thinning.Keywords: Israel / apple / Malus domestica / thinning / metamitron / carbohydrate stress / photosynthesis / fruit size Résumé -Efficacité élevée de l'éclaircissage du pommier 'Golden Delicious' avec l'inhibiteur de photosynthèse métamitron utilisé en climat chaud. Introduction. Un fruit trop petit est un facteur restrictif dans la vente de pommes. Pour contourner ce problème, plusieurs techniques ont été expérimentées, entre autres l'éclaircissage des fleurs et des fruits par des régulateurs de croissance, par exemple auxines ou cytokinines, pour réduire la quantité récoltée. Matériel et méthodes. Dans cette étude étalée sur trois ans (2012)(2013)(2014), nous avons évalué l'efficacité du métamitron (MM) dans l'opération d'éclaircissage du pommier var. Golden Delicious. Résultats. Une application de MM à une dose de 180-225 g ha −1 (150-190 mg L −1 sous la forme de 0,1 %-0,125 % Brevis r à 1 200 L ha −1 ) au stade de croissance du fruit de 6 mm de diamètre a augmenté la fluorescence de la chlorophylle adaptée à l'obscurité, mesurée en fonction de la réduction du rapport Fv/Fm, et a augmenté l'éclaircissage des fruits de façon significative. En conséquence, le temps requis pour effectuer l'éclaircissage de façon manuelle a été réduit de 20-30 jours ha −1 à 2−5 jours ha −1 , et la dimension des fruits a été augmentée de façon significative. Discussion. L'efficacité du MM à faible dose en comparaison aux doses pratiquées en Europe et aux États-Unis est probablement due à la température nocturne élevée pendant les trois semaines consécutives à l'emploi du MM. Cette température a accentué la respiration...

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“…Phenology is sensitive to temperature and an important consequence of rising global temperatures is to hasten crop development in many regions (Sadras and Monzon 2006;Grab and Craparo 2011;Webb et al 2012), while there has been a lengthening of the growing season in high latitudes associated with an earlier onset of the growing season (Jarvis et al 2010;Olesen et al 2011). There is some evidence that altering plant phenology may influence nutrient acquisition (Nord and Lynch 2009).…”

Section: Phenology and Nutrient Use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 97%

Nutrient Use Efficiency

McDonald

Bovill

Huang

et al. 2013

Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops

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Much of the recent gains in global crop production have been underpinned by greater use of fertilizer, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, and continued improvements in plant nutrition will be needed to meet the increasing demands for food and fiber from a growing world population. Climate change presents many challenges to improvements in nutrient use efficiency by its direct effects on the growth and yield of plants, and hence on nutrient demand, and by its influence on soil nutrient cycling, nutrient availability, and uptake. However, the consequences of climate change on plant nutrition are difficult to predict because of the complexity of the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Empirical data suggests that enhanced as well as reduced nutrient availability and uptake may occur as a result of climate change, depending on the nutrient in question and the component of the climate that changes. Notwithstanding the uncertainty of the effects of climate change on soil nutrient availability and plant nutrient uptake, improvements in nutrient use efficiency will be required to sustain productivity into the future.Over significant areas of the world's arable land, high inputs of nutrients have increased soil nutrient reserves and fertilizer use efficiency is low, while in other

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Advance of apple and pear tree full bloom dates in response to climate change in the southwestern Cape, South Africa: 1973–2009

Cited by 105 publications

References 29 publications

Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate

Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate

The photosynthesis inhibitor metamitron is a highly effective thinner for ‘Golden Delicious’ apple in a warm climate

Nutrient Use Efficiency

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