Adulthood and childhood ADHD in patients consulting for obesity is associated with food addiction and binge eating, but not sleep apnea syndrome

Brunault, Paul; Frammery, Julie; Montaudon, Pauline; Luca, A. De; Hankard, R.; Ducluzeau, Pierre Henri; Cortese, Samuele; Ballon, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.01.013

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In a nationally representative sample of adults in the US ( n = 4719), only the association between ADHD and BN remained significant after confounders were adjusted for [ 185 ]. In a sample of patients with obesity ( n = 105), adult and childhood ADHD were significantly associated with self-reported FA and binge eating severity [ 186 ]. In a recent study of 136 patients with EDs, a positive screen for ADHD related to worse eating symptoms and the presence of high ED levels contributed to treatment dropout [ 187 ].…”

Section: Other Psychiatric Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Wiss

Brewerton

2020

Nutrients

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Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of both binge eating and obesity. The construct of food addiction has been used to capture pathological eating across clinical and non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value of a food addiction “diagnosis” among those with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Much of the food addiction research in eating disorder populations has failed to account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like eating behaviors and may even lead to false positives. Some have argued that the concept of food addiction does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches to eating. Others have shown that a better understanding of the food addiction model can reduce stigma associated with obesity. What is lacking in the literature is a description of a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of food addiction. This should include consideration of dietary restraint, and the presence of symptoms of other psychiatric disorders (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) to guide treatments including nutrition interventions. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians identify the symptoms of food addiction (true positives, or “the signal”) from the more classic eating pathology (true negatives, or “restraint”) that can potentially elevate food addiction scores (false positives, or “the noise”). Three clinical vignettes are presented, designed to aid with the assessment process, case conceptualization, and treatment strategies. The review summarizes logical steps that clinicians can take to contextualize elevated food addiction scores, even when the use of validated research instruments is not practical.

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Section: Other Psychiatric Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Wiss

Brewerton

2020

Nutrients

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“…A recent study has focused on eating behaviours alterations other than binge eating, exploring the relationship between food addition and ADHD symptoms in individuals with obesity. Brunault et al [28] included 105 patients seen for obesity in a tertiary level setting. They found that self-reported food addiction, food addiction scores on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2, and binge eating scores on the Binge Eating Scale were all associated with diagnoses of ADHD, with a larger effect in adults than in children.…”

Section: What Are the Factors Underpinning The Association Betweenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between ADHD and Obesity: Intriguing, Progressively More Investigated, but Still Puzzling

Cortese

2019

Brain Sciences

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This narrative review is aimed at presenting the most recent evidence on the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. The review is informed by previous relevant systematic reviews and a search in Pubmed and PsycINFO up to 1 August 2019. Although the association between ADHD and obesity would seem, at first, paradoxical, in the past two decades there has been an increasing number of studies on this topic. The present review shows that there is meta-analytic evidence supporting a significant association between these two conditions, at least in adults. Growing evidence is also being published on the genetic and environmental factors underlying the association. However, the cause–effects paths, as well as the exact mechanisms explaining the association, remain unclear. Additionally, empirical evidence guiding the management/treatment of patients with the two conditions is still limited. Therefore, after almost 20 years from the first report of a link between ADHD and obesity, this association continues to be puzzling.

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“…In most studies, YFAS symptoms were positively associated with BMI scores, and elevated YFAS scores have been observed in patients suffering from obesity [11,14]. Moreover, FA is associated with clinical characteristics that are commonly found with other addictive disorders: depression, anxiety [11], comorbid addictive disorders [15], posttraumatic stress disorders [14] and ADHD [16,17]. People with FA show more insecure attachment styles [18] and higher impulsivity [17,19,20], a classical trait of addictive disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Addiction among Female Patients Seeking Treatment for an Eating Disorder: Prevalence and Associated Factors

et al. 2020

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The concept of “food addiction” (FA) has aroused much focus because of evidence for similarities between overeating and substance use disorders (SUDs). However, few studies have explored this concept among the broad spectrum of eating disorders (ED), especially in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to assess FA prevalence in ED female patients and to determine its associated factors. We recruited a total of 195 adult women with EDs from an ED treatment center. The prevalence of FA diagnosis (Yale Food Addiction Scale) in the whole ED sample was 83.6%; AN restrictive type (AN-R), 61.5%; AN binge-eating/purging type (AN-BP), 87.9%; bulimia nervosa (BN), 97.6%; and binge-eating disorder (BED), 93.3%. The most frequently met criteria of FA were “clinically significant impairment or distress in relation to food”, “craving” and “persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempts to cut down”. An FA diagnosis was independently associated with three variables: presence of recurrent episodes of binge eating, ED severity, and lower interoceptive awareness. In showing an overlap between ED and FA, this study allows for considering EDs, and AN-R in particular, from an “addictive point of view”, and thus for designing therapeutic management that draws from those proposed for addictive disorders.

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Adulthood and childhood ADHD in patients consulting for obesity is associated with food addiction and binge eating, but not sleep apnea syndrome

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

The Association between ADHD and Obesity: Intriguing, Progressively More Investigated, but Still Puzzling

Food Addiction among Female Patients Seeking Treatment for an Eating Disorder: Prevalence and Associated Factors

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