Adult stem cells in neural repair: Current options, limitations and perspectives

Mariano, Eric Domingos

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.477

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…There has been a wide range of reports on the application of adult stem cell therapy to various diseases (24)(25)(26)(27), and many studies have been conducted on tendinopathy stem cell therapy in various species (e.g. horse, rabbit, rat) (28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C Improves Therapeutic Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cell Transplantation in Mouse Tendonitis Model

Kang

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Background Tendons are tough bands of dense and fibrous regular connective tissue that usually connect muscle to bone and are capable of withstanding tension (1). Tendons comprise of collagen bundles similar to those seen in ligaments (1).Tendinopathy is the most frequent tendon disorder (2-4) and is usually described as an over-use of tendons (5). Tendinopathy can develop in any tendon, but is most frequently found in the following tendons: Achilles, patellar, shoulder rotator cuff, and forearm extensor tendons (6). Tendonitis, a type of tendinopathy, is an inflammatory process in the tendon (5). Tendonitis often occurs in daily life and through sports, but tendon repair requires a long period of time because tendons have a low blood supply compared with other organs (7).Many challenging therapies, such as the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, eccentric exercises, topical glyceryl trinitrate, and shock-wave therapy, are performed to treat tendinopathy (8-11). Cell therapy is a new type of therapy for tendinopathy that occurs after tendon injury (12, 13). Recently, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, especially that using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), has emerged as a new therapeutic option for tendinopathy (14-16).Vitamin C is known to be a potent antioxidant (17) and can increase the viability of transplanted cells by reducing oxidative and inflammatory stress. Previous studies have revealed that vitamin C promoted tendon healing by stimulating extracellular matrix remodeling as a precursor of collagen synthesis (18,19). In addition, vitamin C increased the therapeutic effects of combination stem cell therapy in a muscle laceration model (20). However, there has been no study as far as we are aware on the therapeutic effects of combination stem cell therapy and vitamin C administration on tendinopathy.We hypothesized that combined therapy using ASCs and vitamin C might improve tendon regeneration in tendinopathy. To determine the combined effects of ASCs transplantation with vitamin C, we used senescence marker protein 30 (Smp30)-knockout mice that cannot biosynthesize vitamin C by themselves (21). 343

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C Improves Therapeutic Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cell Transplantation in Mouse Tendonitis Model

Kang

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

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“…In this context, it is interesting to note that the transplantation of mesenchymal/bone marrow stem cells and all types of NSCs or neurons (embryonic and adult NSCs, induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons, fetal tissue grafts) into the impaired brain represents a promising choice of treatment for the field of regenerative medicine (Goldman, ; Kim et al, ; Mariano et al, ).…”

Section: Neuronal Injury As a Stimulus Of Adult Neurogenesis; Npcs Armentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of adult neural progenitor cell functions by purinergic signaling

Tang

Illéš

2016

Glia

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Extracellular purines are signaling molecules in the neurogenic niches of the brain and spinal cord, where they activate cell surface purinoceptors at embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Although mRNA and protein are expressed at NSCs/NPCs for almost all subtypes of the nucleotide-sensitive P2X/P2Y, and the nucleoside-sensitive adenosine receptors, only a few of those have acquired functional significance. ATP is sequentially degraded by ecto-nucleotidases to ADP, AMP, and adenosine with agonistic properties for distinct receptor-classes. Nucleotides/nucleosides facilitate or inhibit NSC/NPC proliferation, migration and differentiation. The most ubiquitous effect of all agonists (especially of ATP and ADP) appears to be the facilitation of cell proliferation, usually through P2Y1Rs and sometimes through P2X7Rs. However, usually P2X7R activation causes necrosis/apoptosis of NPCs. Differentiation can be initiated by P2Y2R-activation or P2X7R-blockade. A key element in the transduction mechanism of either receptor is the increase of the intracellular free Ca concentration, which may arise due to its release from intracellular storage sites (G protein-coupling; P2Y) or due to its passage through the receptor-channel itself from the extracellular space (ATP-gated ion channel; P2X). Further research is needed to clarify how purinergic signaling controls NSC/NPC fate and how the balance between the quiescent and activated states is established with fine and dynamic regulation. GLIA 2017;65:213-230.

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“…The hematopoietic stem cells are the only adult stem cells currently used for bone marrow transplants in patients who suffer from different types of malignant hemopathies. Also, there are two trials approved by Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) regarding the use of neural stem cells in patients that suffer from Parkinson’s disease and spinal cord injury [ 61 , 62 ]. Likewise, the use of stem cells obtained from the marrow is in an advanced phase in treating the pulmonary pathology related to premature births.…”

Section: Sources Of Stem Cells and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cells - biological update and cell therapy progress

Girlovanu

Şuşman

Şoriţău

et al. 2015

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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In recent years, the advances in stem cell research have suggested that the human body may have a higher plasticity than it was originally expected.Until now, four categories of stem cells were isolated and cultured in vivo: embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells, adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).Although multiple studies were published, several issues concerning the stem cells are still debated, such as: the molecular mechanisms of differentiation, the methods to prevent teratoma formation or the ethical and religious issues regarding especially the embryonic stem cell research.The direct differentiation of stem cells into specialized cells: cardiac myocytes, neural cells, pancreatic islets cells, may represent an option in treating incurable diseases such as: neurodegenerative diseases, type I diabetes, hematologic or cardiac diseases.Nevertheless, stem cell-based therapies, based on stem cell transplantation, remain mainly at the experimental stages and their major limitation is the development of teratoma and cancer after transplantation. The induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent a prime candidate for future cell therapy research because of their significant self-renewal and differentiation potential and the lack of ethical issues.This article presents an overview of the biological advances in the study of stem cells and the current progress made in the field of regenerative medicine.

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Adult stem cells in neural repair: Current options, limitations and perspectives

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Vitamin C Improves Therapeutic Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cell Transplantation in Mouse Tendonitis Model

Vitamin C Improves Therapeutic Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cell Transplantation in Mouse Tendonitis Model

Regulation of adult neural progenitor cell functions by purinergic signaling

Stem Cells - biological update and cell therapy progress

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