Adult Basic Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations

Abstract

This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations on basic life support summarizes evidence evaluations performed for 22 topics that were prioritized by the Basic Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. The evidence reviews include 16 systematic reviews, 5 scoping reviews, and 1 evidence update. Per agreement within the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, new or revised treatment recommendations were only made after a systematic review. Systematic reviews were performed for the following topics: dispatch diagnosis of cardiac arrest, use of a firm surface for CPR, sequence for starting CPR (compressions-airway-breaths versus airway-breaths-compressions), CPR before calling for help, duration of CPR cycles, hand position during compressions, rhythm check timing, feedback for CPR quality, alternative techniques, public access automated external defibrillator programs, analysis of rhythm during chest compressions, CPR before defibrillation, removal of foreign-body airway obstruction, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, drowning, and harm from CPR to victims not in cardiac arrest. The topics that resulted in the most extensive task force discussions included CPR during transport, CPR before calling for help, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, feedback for CPR quality, and analysis of rhythm during chest compressions. After discussion of the scoping reviews and the evidence update, the task force prioritized several topics for new systematic reviews.

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Ethics of resuscitation and end of life decisions

“…232À235 There are ethical aspects concerning the ILCOR-supported use of smartphone-apps or text-messaging to alert trained lay rescuers to OHCA (strong recommendation, very low-certainty evidence). 236 Regional systems of alerting lay volunteers and/or first responders have many common characteristics but still may vary depending on the local context. 224,225,237À256 Some systems a priori exclude (young) children, traumatic cardiac arrest, intoxication, drowning and/or suicide, unsafe or inaccessible settings and/or nursing homes.…”

Erweiterte lebensrettende Maßnahmen für Erwachsene

“…3 ). Kommunale Programme zur Laienreanimation und AED-Anwendung verbessern die Ergebnisse von OHCA [ 110 ]. Thoraxkompressionen und frühe Defibrillation sind die Eckpfeiler der CPR bei OHCA.…”

“…Die Evidenz für diesen Abschnitt basiert auf den ILCOR 2020 CoSTR, den ERC-2015-ALS-Richtlinien und dem Expertenkonsens [ 2 , 24 , 110 ].…”

Impact of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation on neurologically intact survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review

“…To strengthen the chain of survival, the concept dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) was developed and it is now recommended by the Global Resuscitation Alliance, the Resuscitation Academy, and in the guidelines of both the American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council [ 17 – 23 ]. In recent years numerous studies from around the world have been published on the effect of DA-CPR: It has the potential to increase bystander CPR rates to more than 50% for witnessed arrests, and diminishes time to first compression to less than 3 min – two factors inevitably associated with a higher probability of survival including neurologically intact survival [ 7 , 8 , 24 – 26 ].…”