Adsorption Characteristics of Phenolic Compounds on Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide: A Batch Experiment Combined Theory Calculation

Abstract

A series of phenolic compounds containing 2-phenylphenol (PPE), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-isopropylphenol (IPE), 4-methylphenol (ME) and phenol (PE) were selected to investigate their major influence factors for their adsorption on graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by studying their adsorption isotherms and kinetics. It was found that the adsorption of all tested phenols fitted well with the Freundlich model. In comparison, the adsorption ability of RGO with a stronger π-π interaction was superior to GO, which was confirmed by using naphthalene probe measurements. The thermodynamic characteristics, by studying the effect of the adsorption temperatures (298, 313 and 333 K), demonstrated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-decreasing. The chemical structures of the phenols also affected their adsorption on GO and RGO. It was found that the adsorption capacities of phenols were, in order, PE (0.271 mmol g−1 on GO and 0.483 mmol g−1 on RGO) < ME (0.356 and 0.841 mmol g−1) < IPE (0.454 and 1.117 mmol g−1) < BPA (0.4 and 1.56 mmol g−1) < PPE (0.7 and 2.054 mmol g−1), which depended on the π-electron density of the benzene ring by means of a density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Undoubtedly, the reduction of GO and an increase in π-electron density on the chemical structures of phenols facilitated the adsorption.

Proteinase-sculptured 3D-printed graphene/polylactic acid electrodes as potential biosensing platforms: towards enzymatic modeling of 3D-printed structures

“…phenolic compounds) mainly via π-π interaction. 35,36 We focused on the detection of 1-naphthol as a model analyte due to its very high importance and widespread use as enzymatic product in biosensing schemes. [37][38][39][40][41][42] This molecule is also analytically relevant as an industrial phenolic contaminant found in wastewaters and as a biomarker for the assessment of occupational and environmental exposure to carbaryl and naphthalene pollutants.…”

Effect of Reduction Temperature and Time on The Reduction of Graphene Oxide with White Cabbage Extract

“…7b). Also, it is clear that after the GO is reduced, the wrinkled sheets increased and randomly collected [30]. It can be said that oxygencontaining functional groups decrease with increasing reaction temperature and so by removing these groups from the RGO surface, shrinkage occurs [14,29].…”

An Overview and Evaluation of Highly Porous Adsorbent Materials for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols Removal from Wastewater

“…The promising application of the material was demonstrated by its effective reusability (10 successive cycles) without decreased in the removal capacity of the pollutants [137]. The report of Wang et al, (2018) have shown that the adsorption of phenols pollutants; 2-phenylphenol (PPE), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-isopropylphenol (IPE), 4-methylphenol (ME), and phenol (PE) were more effective onto the rGO ( Figure 5) as compared to the GO, attributed to the decreased in electron density in the latter, hence the strong π-π interactions between the phenols and the adsorbent [138]. Tian et al (2019), reported on the rapid adsorption of bisphenol A (3.4 sec), onto hybrid material of graphene oxide with amino functionalized polypropylene (PP-g-DMAEMA/GO).…”

“…In most cases, graphene was shown to have better performance in terms of adsorption capacity as compared to GO and rGO. In comparison to rGO, GO has more oxygen containing functional groups and lesser π electron density [138]. It has been established that the hydrophobic effects of the organic contaminants were the reasons for their strong absorption onto the graphene which occur though π-π interactions [63,140].…”

“…Adsorption capacity (a) graphene and (b) graphene oxide for phenols removal. Reproduced from ref[138].…”