Adropin as a potential marker of enzyme-positive acute coronary syndrome

Abstract

SummaryAimEnzyme-positive acute coronary syndrome (EPACS) can cause injury to or death of the heart muscle owing to prolonged ischaemia. Recent research has indicated that in addition to liver and brain cells, cardiomyocytes also produce adropin. We hypothesised that adropin is released into the bloodstream during myocardial injury caused by acute coronary syndrome (ACS), so serum and saliva levels rise as the myocytes die. Therefore, it could be useful to investigate how ACS affects the timing and significance of adropin release in human subjectsMethodsSamples were taken over three days after admission, from 22 EPACS patients and 24 age- and gendermatched controls. The three major salivary glands (submandibular, sublingual and parotid) were immunohistochemically screened for adropin production, and serum and saliva adropin levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Salivary gland cells produce and secrete adropin locally.ResultsSerum adropin, troponin I, CK and CK-MB concentrations in the EPACS group became gradually higher than those in the control group up to six hours (p < 0.05), and troponin I continued to rise up to 12 hours after EPACS. The same relative increase in adropin level was observed in the saliva. Troponin I, CK and CK-MB levels started to decrease after 12 hours, while saliva and serum adropin levels started to decrease at six hours after EPACS. In samples taken four hours after EPACS, when the serum adropin value averaged 4.43 ng/ml, the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the serum adropin concentration indicated EPACS with 91.7% sensitivity and 50% specificity, while when the cut-off adropin value in saliva was 4.12 ng/ml, the saliva adropin concentration indicated EPACS with 91.7% sensitivity and 57% specificity.ConclusionIn addition to cardiac troponin and CK-MB assays, measurement of adropin level in saliva and serum samples is a potential marker for diagnosing EPACS.

Adropin as a potential mediator of the metabolic system‐autonomic nervous system‐chronobiology axis: Implementing a personalized signature‐based platform for chronotherapy

“…Adropin levels in saliva and serum samples were identified as diagnostic biomarkers of enzymepositive acute coronary syndrome (EPACS), with adropin levels starting to decrease at 6 h after EPACS. 45 A previous study of 82 patients revealed that serum adropin levels were reduced in patients with angiographically confirmed coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). 46 Serum adropin concentrations were inversely correlated with AF and atrial remodelling.…”

“…Low adropin was also found to be an independent risk factor for cardiac syndrome X (also known as microvascular angina). Adropin levels in saliva and serum samples were identified as diagnostic biomarkers of enzyme‐positive acute coronary syndrome (EPACS), with adropin levels starting to decrease at 6 h after EPACS 45 . A previous study of 82 patients revealed that serum adropin levels were reduced in patients with angiographically confirmed coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) 46 .…”

New Peptides as Potential Players in the Crosstalk Between the Brain and Obesity, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases

“…It was also found that low serum adropin concentrations were an independent predictor for a high SYNTAX score ( Ertem et al, 2017 ). Additionally, in patients with enzyme-positive acute coronary syndrome (EPACS), significant increases in serum and salivary adropin levels were observed up to 6 h after the event and then began to decline ( Aydin et al, 2017 ). Based on the above results, it can be assumed that the measurement of adropin concentration in serum and saliva samples may be a new potential marker for diagnosing EPACS ( Aydin et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Additionally, in patients with enzyme-positive acute coronary syndrome (EPACS), significant increases in serum and salivary adropin levels were observed up to 6 h after the event and then began to decline ( Aydin et al, 2017 ). Based on the above results, it can be assumed that the measurement of adropin concentration in serum and saliva samples may be a new potential marker for diagnosing EPACS ( Aydin et al, 2017 ). Furthermore, there is evidence that low adropin serum may be a prognostic marker for stable CAD (SCAD) and the severity of coronary arteriosclerosis ( Zhao et al, 2015 ).…”

Diagnostic Efficiency of Adropin As A Preliminary Test To Exclude Acute Pulmonary Embolism

“…It is a small polypeptide essentially play an important role in in ammation and some metabolic events [6]. Few studies have suggested the use of adropin as a biomarker in patients suffering from conditions with cellular hypoxia and destruction, such as acute myocardial infarction [7,8].…”