Adrenal gland response to endocrine disrupting chemicals in fishes, amphibians and reptiles: A comparative overview

Lorenzo, Mariana Di; Barra, Teresa; Rosati, Luciano; Valiante, Salvatore; Capaldo, Anna; Falco, Maria De; Laforgia, Vincenza

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113550

Cited by 37 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Also, the teleost adrenal counterpart is located here, and such tissue may be observed as islands between haematopoietic tissue (Fig. 3) (Di Lorenzo et al 2020). In the trunk kidney, corpuscles of Stannius may be observed as discrete structures containing cells producing stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), the dominant calcium regulatory hormone of fish (Greenwood et al 2009).…”

Section: Kidneymentioning

confidence: 77%

Anatomy of teleost fish immune structures and organs

2021

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The function of a tissue is determined by its construction and cellular composition. The action of different genes can thus only be understood properly when seen in the context of the environment in which they are expressed and function. We now experience a renaissance in morphological research in fish, not only because, surprisingly enough, large structures have remained un-described until recently, but also because improved methods for studying morphological characteristics in combination with expression analysis are at hand. In this review, we address anatomical features of teleost immune tissues. There are approximately 30,000 known teleost fish species and only a minor portion of them have been studied. We aim our review at the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and other salmonids, but when applicable, we also present information from other species. Our focus is the anatomy of the kidney, thymus, spleen, the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT), the newly discovered salmonid cloacal bursa and the naso-pharynx associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).

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Section: Kidneymentioning

confidence: 77%

Anatomy of teleost fish immune structures and organs

2021

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“…Moreover, alkylphenols (APs) are capable of interfering with the reproductive hormonal system in different organisms [23][24][25], and most of the studies have been conducted on aquatic vertebrates where it has been shown that APs, due to their estrogenic potency, cause adverse effects on both testis and ovaries with a consequent marked alteration in sexual development, including gonadal maturation, spawning time, egg and sperm production [26,27]. Nonylphenol exposure in female mice induces the early beginning of puberty and pathohistological abnormalities in the uterus and ovaries [28]; in male specimens, it causes disruption of Sertoli cells, oxidative stress, and alters sex hormone production, thereby disrupting spermatogenesis [29].…”

Section: Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkyphenol Exposure Alters Steroidogenesis in Male Lizard Podarcis siculus

Lorenzo

Mileo

Laforgia

et al. 2021

Animals

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Background: Nonylphenol (NP) and Octylphenol (OP) are persistent and non-biodegradable environmental contaminants classified as endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs). These compounds are widely used in several industrial applications and present estrogen-like properties, which have extensively been studied in aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to verify the interference of these compounds alone, and in mixture, on the reproductive cycle of the male terrestrial vertebrate Podarcis siculus, focusing mainly on the steroidogenesis process. Methods: Male lizards have been treated with different injections of both NP and OP alone and in mixture, and evaluation has been carried out using a histological approach. Results: Results obtained showed that both substances are able to alter both testis histology and localization of key steroidogenic enzymes, such as 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) and P450 aromatase. Moreover, OP exerts a preponderant effect, and the P450 aromatase represents the major target of both chemicals. Conclusions: In conclusion, NP and OP inhibit steroidogenesis, which in turn may reduce the reproductive capacity of the specimens.

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“…Moreover, they have been detected in several aquatic species (Staniszewska et al 2017) and in human blood samples, including amniotic fluid, urine, breast milk, fetal cord serum, and placenta (Ademollo et al 2008;Calafat et al 2007;Shekhar et al 2017). APs are effective not only on reproductive system, but also can have neurotoxic effects on organisms (Liu et al 2019), affect adrenal glands (De Falco et al 2010Di Lorenzo et al 2020a, 2020b, or inhibit cell proliferation in gastric adenocarcinoma (Manente et al 2011).…”

Section: Graphic Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

OctylPhenol (OP) Alone and in Combination with NonylPhenol (NP) Alters the Structure and the Function of Thyroid Gland of the Lizard Podarcis siculus

Sciarrillo

Lorenzo

Valiante

et al. 2021

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Different environmental contaminants disturb the thyroid system at many levels. AlkylPhenols (APs), by-products of microbial degradation of AlkylPhenol Polyethoxylates (APEOs), constitute an important class of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), the two most often used environmental APs being 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on the thyroid gland of the bioindicator Podarcis siculus of OP alone and in combination with NP. We used radioimmunoassay to determine their effects on plasma 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), 3,3′,5,5′-L-thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) levels in adult male lizards. We also investigated the impacts of AP treatments on hepatic 5′ORD (type II) deiodinase and hepatic content of T3 and T4. After OP and OP + NP administration, TRH levels increased, whereas TSH, T3, and T4 levels decreased. Lizards treated with OP and OP + NP had a higher concentration of T3 in the liver and 5′ORD (type II) activity, whereas T4 concentrations were lower than that observed in the control group. Moreover, histological examination showed that the volume of the thyroid follicles became smaller in treated lizards suggesting that that thyroid follicular epithelial cells were not functionally active following treatment. This data collectively suggest a severe interference with hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis and a systemic imbalance of thyroid hormones. Graphic Abstract

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Adrenal gland response to endocrine disrupting chemicals in fishes, amphibians and reptiles: A comparative overview

Cited by 37 publications

References 131 publications

Anatomy of teleost fish immune structures and organs

Anatomy of teleost fish immune structures and organs

Alkyphenol Exposure Alters Steroidogenesis in Male Lizard Podarcis siculus

OctylPhenol (OP) Alone and in Combination with NonylPhenol (NP) Alters the Structure and the Function of Thyroid Gland of the Lizard Podarcis siculus

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