Adolescent Smoking and Exposure to Tobacco Marketing Under a Tobacco Advertising Ban: Findings From 2 Norwegian National Samples

Braverman, Marc T.; Aarø, Leif Edvard

doi:10.2105/ajph.94.7.1230

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Also, many of them believed that cigarettes are easily accessible to youth within their community. We also observed that more respondents who had been sent on such errands reported that they were likely to initiate cigarette smoking within the coming year and this is in agreement with other studies where reducing access has been recommended to curb smoking susceptibility [25][26][27] . In a country like Nigeria, where many youth are never-smokers,6 sending under-aged youth to purchase cigarette increases their accessibility to cigarettes and might play a factor in cigarette experimentation and initiation 24 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cigarette purchase and accessibility among children in a developing country. A study among in-school youth in Lagos state, Nigeria.

Odukoya¹,

Onigbogi²,

Jacob³

et al. 2016

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION Tobacco use remains a significant public health challenge in many low and middleincome countries, including Nigeria. Cigarette accessibility drives experimentation and use. The objectives of this study were to assess the experiences of youth, regarding cigarette purchase and accessibility within their community. We were particularly interested in assessing their experiences with being sent on errands to purchase cigarettes by older persons within their community.METhODS We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study among 899 in-school youth less than 18 years of age using a multi-stage sampling method. Data was collected using self-administered pretested questionnaire and analysed with SPSS 17.0.RESULTS Study participants had a mean age of 13.9 + 1.9 years with a roughly equal male to female ratio. More than a third (36.6%) had been sent on an errand, to purchase cigarettes by an older person within the past year (86.6% never smokers; 13.4% ever-smokers). Of these, majority admitted that they proceeded on the errand as directed. Persons responsible for sending the minors on errands to purchase cigarettes were primarily older friends and neighbours within the community. Of those who had been sent on such errands, about half (51.4%) feared that they could be punished if they disobeyed. While attempting to purchase cigarettes, 59.2% admitted that no one had ever inquired about their age. Within the past year, about a third (33.6%) had successfully purchased cigarettes for older persons within the community. CONCLUSIONSIn implementing the national tobacco control policy, strategies to engage and educate the adults within the community must be prioritized. 2 Research ArticleTobacco Prevention & Cessation relatively easy to get, were more likely to become regular smokers compared with those who perceived cigarettes as more difficult to obtain 7,8 . Another study analysing youth tobacco access policies, compliance, and enforcement concluded that aggressive and comprehensive approaches to limiting youth access lead to significant reductions in youth smoking 9 . In order to reduce or eliminate tobacco use globally, the World Health Organization facilitated the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the first public health treaty endorsed by more than 180 countries worldwide, and also ratified by Nigerian Government 10 . Article 16 of the WHO FCTC treaty focuses on "Sales to and by children" and states that "parties should adopt and implement effective legislative, executive, administrative or other measures at the appropriate government level to prohibit the sales of tobacco products to persons under the age set by domestic law, national law or eighteen" 10. In May 2015, Nigeria passed the long awaited National Tobacco Control Bill (NTCB). This bill is an improvement on the previously enacted Tobacco Control Act (TCA) of 1990, which made no provisions for restrictions on sales to underage children 11 . The recently passed NTCB clearly prohibits the sale of cigarettes to and by children....

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cigarette purchase and accessibility among children in a developing country. A study among in-school youth in Lagos state, Nigeria.

Odukoya¹,

Onigbogi²,

Jacob³

et al. 2016

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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“…La publicidad juega un papel crucial en el consumo de cigarrillo, pues está orientada principalmente a la población adolescente y aumenta el inicio y la persistencia del consumo (45). Estos resultados sugieren que el consumo diario de cigarrillo se establece en la adolescencia temprana, lo que implica que el consumo de cigarrillo no es una conducta pasajera en un número importante de adolescentes.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Factores asociados con el consumo diario de cigarrillo en adolescentes estudiantes de básica secundaria de Bucaramanga, Colombia.

et al. 2005

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Introducción. El consumo diario de cigarrillo se asocia con una alta morbimortalidad en la adultez. Este patrón de consumo se inicia habitualmente en la adolescencia temprana. En adolescentes, el consumo diario de cigarrillo es factor de predicción importante del uso de sustancias ilegales que pueden producir dependencia. Se desconoce la frecuencia de consumo diario de cigarrillo en estudiantes colombianos. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con el consumo diario de cigarrillo en adolescentes estudiantes de sexto a noveno grado del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal. Una muestra probabilística de 2.586 estudiantes diligenció en forma anónima una encuesta que indagaba el consumo de sustancias legales e ilegales. Resultados. La edad promedio fue 13,0 años; 54,9% era varones; 32,0% cursaba sexto grado; 31,7%, séptimo; 25,2%, octavo, y 11,1%, noveno; 67,1% estudiaba en colegios oficiales. El consumo diario de cigarrillo durante el mes anterior fue de 3,8% (IC95% 2,7 a 4,9). La regresión logística mostró que tener un mejor amigo fumador o consumidor de alcohol (OR=3,71; IC95% 1,71 a 8,04), referir mal rendimiento académico (OR=3,83; IC95% 1,03 a 14,18) y tener más años de edad (OR=1,44; IC95% 1,19 a 1,75) se asociaba con el consumo diario de cigarrillo. Conclusión. Uno de cada 26 estudiantes de básica secundaria del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga consume diariamente cigarrillo. Tener un mejor amigo fumador es el factor más fuertemente asociado. Palabras clave: tabaquismo, epidemiología, prevalencia, adolescente, estudiantes, salud pública. Social factors associated with the daily cigarette smoking among middle-school student adolescents in Bucaramanga, ColombiaIntroduction. Daily cigarette smoking is associated with high morbidity and mortality in adults. This pattern of tobacco use is established during the early adolescence. Among adolescents, daily cigarette smoking is a strong predictor of illegal, addictive substance use. The prevalence of daily cigarette smoking is not known in Colombian adolescent middle-school students. Objective. To assess smoking prevalence, daily cigarette smoking and associated factors among middle school-students in Bucaramanga, northeast Colombia. Materials and methods. An anonymous questionnaire concerning illegal and legal substance use was administered to a random sample of 2,586 students. Results. The group mean age was 13.0 years; 54.9% was male; 32.0% was in sixth grade, 31.7% in seventh, 25.2% in eighth and 11.1% in ninth grade, with 67.1% enrolled in public schools. The prevalence of daily cigarette smoking lasting the month prior to the questionnaire was 3.8% (95%CI 2.7-4.9). Logistic regression showed a significant association between being the best friend of a smoker or a drinker of alcohol (OR=3.71; 95%CI 1.71-8.04), having low academic performance perception (OR=3.83; 95%CI 1.0-14.2), and being older age (OR=1.4; 95%CI 1.2-1.8).Conclusions. These data demonstrated that one in 26 m...

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“…26 Two decades after Norway banned advertising in traditional media, adolescents' (ages 13–15) self-reported exposure indicated market penetration in multiple channels, particularly branded promotional items and point of sale. 27 The persistent association of exposure and intention to smoke under legislated bans suggests that even limited exposure among adolescents remains a cause for concern. 2527 …”

Section: Promotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive tobacco marketing restrictions: promotion, packaging, price and place

2012

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Evidence of the causal role of marketing in the tobacco epidemic and the advent of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control have inspired more than half the countries in the world to ban some forms of tobacco marketing. This paper briefly describes the ways in which cigarette marketing is restricted and the tobacco industry's efforts to subvert restrictions. It reviews what is known about the impact of marketing regulations on smoking by adults and adolescents. It also addresses what little is known about the impact of marketing bans in relation to concurrent population-level interventions, such as price controls, anti-tobacco media campaigns and smoke-free laws. Point of sale is the least regulated channel and research is needed to address the immediate and long-term consequences of policies to ban retail advertising and pack displays. Comprehensive marketing restrictions require a global ban on all forms of promotion, elimination of packaging and price as marketing tools, and limitations on the quantity, type and location of tobacco retailers.

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Adolescent Smoking and Exposure to Tobacco Marketing Under a Tobacco Advertising Ban: Findings From 2 Norwegian National Samples

Abstract: Adolescents' current smoking and future smoking expectations are linked to marketing exposure even in limited settings, suggesting the need for comprehensive controls to eliminate the function of marketing in promoting adolescent smoking.

Cited by 52 publications

References 49 publications

Cigarette purchase and accessibility among children in a developing country. A study among in-school youth in Lagos state, Nigeria.

Cigarette purchase and accessibility among children in a developing country. A study among in-school youth in Lagos state, Nigeria.

Factores asociados con el consumo diario de cigarrillo en adolescentes estudiantes de básica secundaria de Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Comprehensive tobacco marketing restrictions: promotion, packaging, price and place

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