Adolescent cortical development: A critical period of vulnerability for addiction

Crews, Fulton T.; He, Jun; Hodge, Clyde W.

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.12.001

Cited by 939 publications

(748 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…We have used a cDNA arrays approach to identify the differential profile of transcription in the striatum induced by rearing mice in enriched or standard conditions.Mice were placed in enriched or standard conditions right after weaning and for 2 months to expose them to these environments during the entire duration of their adolescence, a critical period for neurodevelopmental plasticity (Crews et al, 2007;Sisk and Zehr, 2005). We found that indeed EE caused a complex profile of gene expression which consisted of the regulation of 48 genes that are implicated in various functions including cell proliferation and differentiation, intracellular signalling, transcription and translation, as well as structural changes and cell metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Environmental enrichment during adolescence regulates gene expression in the striatum of mice

et al. 2008

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We have previously shown that environmental enrichment decreases the activating and rewarding effects of the psych psychostimulant cocaine and increases resistance to the neurotoxic effect of the Parkinson-inducing drug MPTP. These effects were accompanied by an increase in the striatal expression of the neurotrophin BDNF, an increase in the striatal levels of delta-Fos B and by a decrease in striatal levels of the dopamine transporter, the main molecular target for cocaine and MPTP. Here, we used cDNA arrays to investigate the effects of rearing mice in enriched environments from weaning to adulthood on the profile of expression of genes in the striatum focusing on genes involved in intracellular signalling and functioning. We found that mice reared in an enriched environment show several alterations in the levels of mRNA coding for proteins involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, signal transduction, transcription and translation, cell structure and meta metabolism. Several of these findings were further confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and, in the case of protein kinase C lambda, also by western blot. These findings are the first description of alterations in striatal gene expression by an enriched environment. The striatal gene expression regulation by environment that we report here may play a role in the resistance to the effects of drugs of abuse and dopaminergic neurotoxins previously reported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Environmental enrichment during adolescence regulates gene expression in the striatum of mice

et al. 2008

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“…Age at which heavy drinking started also appeared to play a role in this impairment. Previous studies have also shown impairments in cognitive function associated with heavy drinking during early adolescence (Brown et al 2000) and that early exposure to binge drinking is associated with frontal lobe damage (Crews et al 2007). …”

Section: Evidence Of Altered Cognitive Function In Binge Drinkersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cognitive and emotional consequences of binge drinking: role of amygdala and prefrontal cortex

Stephens

Duka

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

171

142

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Binge drinking is an increasingly recognized problem within the UK. We have studied the relationship of binge drinking to cognitive and emotional functioning in young adults, and have found evidence for increased impulsivity, impairments in spatial working memory and impaired emotional learning. Since in human studies it is difficult to understand whether such behavioural changes predate or are a consequence of binge drinking, we have also studied parallel behaviours in a rodent model, in which rats are exposed to intermittent episodes of alcohol consumption and withdrawal. In this model, and in parallel with our findings in human binge drinkers, and alcoholic patients who have undergone multiple episodes of detoxification, we have found evidence for impairments in aversive conditioning as well as increased impulsivity. These behavioural changes are accompanied by facilitated excitatory neurotransmission and reduced plasticity (long-term potentiation (LTP)) in amygdala and hippocampus. The impaired LTP is accompanied by both impaired associative learning and inappropriate generalization of previously learned associations to irrelevant stimuli. We propose that repeated episodes of withdrawal from alcohol induce aberrant neuronal plasticity that results in altered cognitive and emotional competences.

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“…Adolescents that use marijuana have lower grades and exam scores, are less likely to attend college, are more likely to be unemployed, and have lower life satisfaction (Cobb-Clark et al, 2015;Johnston et al, 2014). Furthermore, adolescents that use marijuana are more likely to engage in other risk taking behaviors such as stealing, using weapons in acts of violence, having risky sex, and having accidental injuries (Brook et al, 1999;Castellanos-Ryan et al, 2013;Chassin et al, 2010;Churchwell et al, 2010;Crews et al, 2007;Dévieux et al, 2002). Using marijuana can stunt brain development, including development of socio-emotional areas (i.e., amygdala, ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and superior temporal sulcus) and cognitive control (i.e., lateral prefrontal, lateral parietal, and anterior cingulate cortices) (e.g., Crews et al, 2007;Chassin et al, 2010;Gruber et al, 2014), leading to the more pronounced difficulties in adulthood (e.g., Hall, 2009;Hall and Degenhardt, 2009;Meier et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPPS-P model impulsivity and marijuana use behaviors in adolescents: A meta-analysis

VanderVeen

Hershberger

Cyders

2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

117

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Adolescent cortical development: A critical period of vulnerability for addiction

Cited by 939 publications

References 123 publications

Environmental enrichment during adolescence regulates gene expression in the striatum of mice

Environmental enrichment during adolescence regulates gene expression in the striatum of mice

Cognitive and emotional consequences of binge drinking: role of amygdala and prefrontal cortex

UPPS-P model impulsivity and marijuana use behaviors in adolescents: A meta-analysis

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